Systems and methods for quantified
water intake estimation and
closed loop management of ruminants are disclosed. An ingestible reticular bolus transmits temperature data. A
water source sensor measures
water temperature and an ambient module provides THI. A processor detects drinking events from temperature slopes and amplitudes, applies a non-linear heat
exchange model parameterized by measured water and ambient conditions to estimate per event volume, and accumulates
daily intake. Control signals are generated to cooling, water, or feeding actuators according to
hydration status and THI. Optional fusion with bolus accelerometry and near
muzzle gas sensing estimates
methane emissions per animal. The
system integrates feed sensors and
reproduction analytics, supports portable gateways for
pasture, and provides
traceability.