The invention discloses a data encryption system and method for interaction between tenants and a cloud server memory, and belongs to the technical field of computer data encryption. In the data encryption system, a control terminal is used for being in communication with the tenants and the cloud server memory, and receiving data file request information of the tenants; a data encryption key is obtained from a key manager, encryption and decryption are conducted on data files in safety board, and data file ciphertext is sent to the cloud server memory, or data file plaintext is transmitted to the tenants; the key manager is used for being in communication with the control terminal, generating the data encryption key, sending the data encryption key to the control terminal and sending the data file request information to a key storage; the key storage is used for safely storing the data file request information sent by the key manager. According to the data encryption system and method for interaction between the tenants and the cloud server memory, safety protection of tenant data is achieved through usage of tenant identifications and a symmetric cryptosystem encryption algorithm, intensity and complexity of key management can be reduced, and isolation of the tenant data is guaranteed.