The invention relates to a method for performing voiceprint verification of Chinese through single arithmetic. The method comprises the following steps that: when the voiceprint enrollment is performed, a user is required to speak from zero to nine, randomly speak one of arithmetic operation symbols, namely plus, minus, multiplication, division, and finally speak equal; and when the voiceprint verification is performed, the user is required to read after a randomly generated simple arithmetic problem for voiceprint verification. By the technical scheme, compared with a text-dependent random mode (Text-Prompted), the method has the advantages that: the arithmetic operation symbol is added during voiceprint enrollment, the content and character strings which are read after by the user during voiceprint verification are increased, and the accuracy rate of voiceprint verification of Chinese is improved; and the user reads after the simple arithmetic problem, and the definite correlation exists among figures so as to facilitate the memorization of the user, so that a user experience of the voiceprint verification can be improved.