The invention relates to an artificial nerve graft constructed based on a chip-type acellularized scaffold and a preparation method of the artificial nerve graft, belonging to the field of tissue engineering. According to the artificial nerve graft and the preparation method, heterogeneous animal medulla spinalis, skeletal muscle or tendon acellularized tissue slices are adopted as a bracket, genipin is adopted for crosslinking cytokines, autologous ecto mesenchymal stem cells are planted on the bracket, and fibrous protein is taken as an adhesive for constructing the artificial nerve graft, so that the repairing of the nervous tissue is promoted. The artificial nerve graft and the preparation method have the advantages that the preparation cost is low, the period is short, the preparation raw materials are easily available, and the preparation is simple and is easy to operate. The constructed artificial nerve graft has low immunogenicity, contains a large number of autologous stem cells and cell factors, and is beneficial for adjusting the nerve injury microenvironment, and promoting the nerve regeneration and myelinogenesis. The artificial nerve graft can be used for preparing peripheral nerve and medulla spinalis defect, and has the broad application prospect.