The invention discloses a vacuum blood collection tube extraction machine. The vacuum blood collection tube extraction machine comprises a machine frame, wherein a blood collection tube drawer for containing blood collection tubes is arranged at the upper layer of the machine frame, blood collection tube extraction plates and driving devices, which serve as extraction mechanisms, are arranged at the lower layer of the machine frame, a grid baffle is arranged in front of the blood collection tube drawer, grids of the blood collection tube drawer extend to the front end of a bottom plate from the top end of the blood collection tube drawer, gaps among the grids are smaller than the diameters of the blood collection tubes, a blood collection tube placing rack is further arranged in front of the top of the grid baffle, the blood collection tube extraction plates move up and down along the gaps among the grids of the blood collection tube drawer under the drive of the driving devices, and the blood collection tubes fall into the blood collection tube placing rack when the blood collection tube extraction plates upwardly move to the top of the blood collection tube drawer. According to the vacuum blood collection tube extraction machine, the structure is simple, the mounting is convenient, the blood collection tubes, which are stacked in a mess, can be automatically extracted and be neatly placed in a manner that caps of the blood collection tubes face upwards consistently, so that the subsequent transfer, distribution, identification and management work for the blood collection tubes is greatly facilitated, the tedious labor of manual operation is reduced, the work efficiency is increased, the mistake of test tube specimens is avoided, and medical tangles are reduced.