The invention discloses an encryption method, which comprises the following steps of: receiving a transmission request and starting timing, wherein the transmission request comprises a receiver address and contents to be transmitted; acquiring a Fourier expansion and the number of terms, and acquiring a file to be transmitted according to the contents to be transmitted in the transmission request; acquiring a timed time length after the acquisition is finished; selecting corresponding terms of the Fourier expansion according to the number of terms, substituting the timed time length into the corresponding terms of the Fourier expansion, and adding each term to obtain an encryption key; encrypting the file to be transmitted by utilizing the encryption key; and transmitting the encrypted file to a receiver according to the receiver address in the transmission request. The invention also provides a decryption method, an encryption and decryption system, an encryption device and a decryption device. By the system, the devices and the methods provided by the invention, difficulties in the cracking of the encrypted file can be increased.