The utility model provides a horizontal sliding window linkage structure and a horizontal sliding window, the horizontal sliding window linkage structure comprises a first hinge rod, the first hinge rod comprises a first connecting section and a second connecting section which are connected in a staggered mode, the first connecting section is hinged to a window frame in a sliding mode, the second connecting section is hinged to a window sash, and a containing space is formed between the first connecting section and the second connecting section; one end of the second hinge rod is hinged to the first hinge rod, the other end of the second hinge rod is hinged to the window frame, and the second hinge rod is contained in the containing space; when the window is closed, the first connecting section slides along the window frame to drive the second hinge rod to move towards the interior of the containing space, so that the second hinge rod and the first hinge rod are aligned and overlapped, and the window sash is driven to move in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the window frame and press the window frame. According to the horizontal sliding window linkage structure and the horizontal sliding window, the technical problem that in the prior art, a sealing rubber strip on a window sash frame cannot be tightly attached to a window frame, and the sealing performance of the window is affected is solved.