The invention is applicable to the field of data storage technology improvement, and provides a file security sharing method based on blockchain cloud storage. The method includes the steps as follows: S1, performing data encryption on a file by using a symmetric encryption algorithm, and storing a data ciphertext in a cloud disk; S2, enabling a user to generate a key ciphertext by using a symmetric key for decrypting the data ciphertext through encryption, and storing the storage locations of the key ciphertext and the data ciphertext together on a blockchain as a part of metadata; and S3, performing proxy re-encryption on the stored file data by using a new key, and securely sharing the data through the new key and the re-encrypted new ciphertext. Through the implementation of a cloud security storage and sharing mechanism for a private file under a decentralized storage architecture of the blockchain, the data stored in the cloud by the user can only be accessed through a private key, when the own encrypted data needs to be shared to other users, the own original key of an owner cannot be exposed to other people, and the process of downloading all cloud data, re-encrypting the data by using a shared key, and then uploading the data in sequence is not required.