The invention discloses a culturing and sampling device for lake water bacteria and an application method. The culturing and sampling device comprises a sampling box, a stirring box and a culturing box, wherein a rotating base is installed at the bottom of the sampling box, a through hole is formed in the upper end of the left side of the sampling box, a sampling pipe is installed at the through hole, a sampling head is arranged at the bottom of the sampling pipe, the sampling pipe is connected with a sampling pump, an impurity filtering net is installed inside the sampling box, a liquid draining opening is formed in the bottom of the right side of the sampling box, a connecting flange is installed at the liquid draining opening, and is connected with a liquid draining pipe, the stirring box is installed on the right side of the sampling box, the liquid draining pipe is communicated with the stirring box, and the stirring box is connected with the culturing box through a communicatingpipe. The culturing and sampling device is simple in structure principle, rapid sampling, even stirring and constant temperature culturing of lake water can be achieved, the culturing efficiency of the lake water bacteria can be improved, and the analysis efficiency and the analysis accuracy are further improved.