The invention relates to a warehouse safety monitoring and checking method and system based on a robot, and the invention comprises a warehouse fire fighting access blocking early warning method, a warehouse checking method, a warehouse temperature and humidity early warning and fire early warning method, a warehouse fire extinguisher loss early warning method, a warehouse illegal person alarm method and a warehouse inspection system, and includes a tracking trolley and a track, wherein the tracking trolley moves along the track; the robot further comprises a visible light camera which obtains image information in the warehouse; an ultrahigh frequency RFID reader-writer and four-side ultrahigh frequency RFID antennas; an infrared thermal imager module; a temperature and humidity sensor; a 5G communication module; and a face recognition camera and a GPU processor. Warehouse inspection, fire prevention, theft prevention, material blockage and automatic temperature and humidity detection and early warning are achieved, manpower resources are saved to a great extent, meanwhile, goods checking is convenient and fast, and the checking efficiency is greatly improved.