The invention provides a preparation method of a polylactic acid composite material. A plurality of side feeding devices are added to an intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder, different raw material components are added from the plurality of feeding devices arranged along the material flow direction on a material cylinder of the intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder so as to realize control of heatproof reaction degree of polylactic acid, thus optimizing comprehensive performance of the material. At the same time, because of the use of continuous process and equipment, in the material preparation process, the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced, the production cost is greatly decreased, and pre-drying is unnecessary for polylactic acid before preparation, the moisture content of polylactic acid can be stably controlled within 0.02%, the influence caused by thermal decomposition and hydrolysis of moisture on polylactic acid in the material cylinder to molecular weight decrease can be restrained, and the product quality is ensured.