The invention discloses a casting polishing device. The casting polishing device comprises a box body, threaded rods, chain wheels, a chain, a rotating rod, a polishing disc, guiding rods, sliding blocks, a mounting plate, a first motor, a transverse plate, a second motor, shaft rods, a circular frame, gears, atomizing nozzles, an annular guiding pipe, through holes, a connecting rod, brushes, a water guiding pipe, a water tank, a water suction pump and clamp sleeves. According to the casting polishing device, the threaded rods, the chain wheels, the clamp sleeves, the grinding disc, the shaftrods and the gears are arranged and mutually matched so that castings can be better polished, the working intensity of a worker is greatly lowered, the polishing speed is increased, the polishing efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, a large amount of time is also shortened; and the mounting plate, the brushes, the atomizing nozzles and the annular guiding pipe are arranged and mutually matchedso that the castings can be well cleared and cooled, clearing difficulty is greatly lowered, and meanwhile, the practicability of the polishing device is also improved.