The invention discloses a distributed log condition query method and system based on a cuckoo filter, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring a condition query request sent by a client, performing data query in a pre-constructed hot database according to the condition query request, and judging whether the total amount of queried data is lower than the data amount corresponding to the condition query request or not; if yes, processing the condition query request to obtain an identification character string, taking the identification character string as a key (Key), and carrying out data query in the unpopular condition cache layer to judge whether a value (Value) corresponding to the key exists in the unpopular condition cache layer; if not, executing query operation in a pre-constructed cold database data sub-table according to the condition query request to obtain a condition query result, processing the condition query data result to generate a JSON character string, taking the identification character string as a key, taking the JSON character string as a value to form a key-value pair, and storing the key-value pair in the unpopular condition cache layer.