Compositions and methods for mycotoxin decontamination, nucleotide, protein and vitamin enrichment and palatability enhancement of food and animal feed using micronized yeast biomass

Abstract

A method for upgrading human food and animal feed, rendering harmless the contaminating mycotoxins, increasing protein and nucleotide content, providing immuno-modulation, enhancing flavor and palatability is proposed. The method comprises a food functional additive / supplement and feed additive based on yeast biomass processed to enhance the bioavailability and biological activity of its components using dry micron milling with optional agglomeration. The resulting product contains all biologically active components originally present in intact live yeast. Compared to existing practice, the new process is much faster, cheaper, less hardware demanding, less prone to microbial contamination, provides intact biopolymers and results in insoluble product fraction with high surface area. Human food and animal feed containing such additive improves weight gains, feed efficiency, resilience to mycotoxin contamination, improves immunological status, controls intestinal Salmonella and other bacteria and decreases mortality, especially at the young age, replacing antibiotics and growth promoters.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention addresses the problem of supplementation of food and feed with functional additives, provides decontamination from mycotoxins and intestinal harmful bacteria, boosts immunological status, improves palatability and taste is a source of additional protein, vitamins and nucleotides. As a result, through such upgrade, human food is enriched and made safer and the performance and wellbeing of agricultural and companion animals are significantly improved.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Yeast biomass and its components have been known as valuable additives in human and animal nutrition. Currently yeast biomass is separated into components by wet techniques. Yeast extract is separated from cell wall fraction first. Yeast extract is known to be a source of high-value proteins, nucleotides and vitamins, especially of the B group. Yeast extract is widely used as a flavoring agent in food industry and a source of purified “umami” nucleotides. I...

Examples

example 1

[0030]To compare the effectiveness of the micronized yeast biomass as a mycotoxin binder versus existing commercial products, an in-vitro mycotoxin binding assay was established. Conditions include adsorption of four mycotoxins typical for North American and European markets—deoxynivalenol (=DON, vomitoxin), ochratoxin (OTA), T-2 toxin and zearalenone (ZEN)—from an aqueous solution, pH 6.5 (0.1 M Na-phosphate buffer), at 37° C. within an hour by 0.5% suspension of the adsorbent candidate. Concentration of each mycotoxin in the mix has been chosen at 1 mg / l (in sum −4.0 mg / l).

[0031]Mycotoxin content in the model aqueous solution was measured using HPLC / MS / MS on a C-8 column eluted by a gradient of formiate buffer->acetonitrile. Under these HPLC conditions mycotoxins are eluted in the following sequence: DON-OTA-T-2-ZEN

example 2

[0032]The biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was produced by submerged fermentation on wheat bran under standard industrial conditions and dried. The dried material was micronized to 5 microns using an orbital mill. The material was tested in-vitro for its mycotoxin binding properties in comparison to the commercial mycotoxin binder Mycosorb (Alltech, Ky.), based on esterified yeast beta-glucan, and yeast / bacterial biomass-based binder Mycofix Plus (Biomin, Austria) using the protocol described in Example 1. The effectiveness of binding four mycotoxins is presented in Table 1.

TABLE 1In-vitro effectiveness of adsorption of four mycotoxins by twocommercial binders and three variants of micronized yeast biomass,alone and in combination with acid hydrolysis lignin.% of mycotoxin adsorbed from aAdsorbent candidate, 5 g / l,mixture of 4 toxins, 1 mg / l eachpH 6.5, 37° C., 1 hourDONOTAT-2ZEACommercial mycotoxin bindersMycosorb (Alltech, Ireland)55.316.16.162.7Mycofix Plus (Biomin, Austria)4....

example 3

[0033]The biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was produced by submerged fermentation on wet distiller's grain under standard industrial conditions and dried. The dried material was milled to 10-30 microns using an impeller mill with the following specifications:

Number of rotors1Position of rotorshorizontalRotation frequency4,500rpmLinear speed of collision70m / secElectrical power consumption30kWMilling capacity120kg / hourMaximal start particle size20mmMaximal hardness of start material, Mohs scale3

[0034]The material was tested for its mycotoxin binding properties in comparison to the commercial yeast esterified beta-glucan based binder Mycosorb (Alltech, Kentucky) and yeast / bacterial biomass based binder Mycofix Plus (Biomin, Austria) in-vitro using the protocol described in Example 1. The effectiveness of initial binding is presented in Table 1.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention addresses the problem of supplementation of food and feed with functional additives, provides decontamination from mycotoxins and intestinal harmful bacteria, boosts immunological status, improves palatability and taste is a source of additional protein, vitamins and nucleotides. As a result, through such upgrade, human food is enriched and made safer and the performance and wellbeing of agricultural and companion animals are significantly improved.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Yeast biomass and its components have been known as valuable additives in human and animal nutrition. Currently yeast biomass is separated into components by wet techniques. Yeast extract is separated from cell wall fraction first. Yeast extract is known to be a source of high-value proteins, nucleotides and vitamins, especially of the B group. Yeast extract is widely used as a flavoring agent in food industry and a source of purified “umami” nucleotides. I...

Examples

example 1

[0030]To compare the effectiveness of the micronized yeast biomass as a mycotoxin binder versus existing commercial products, an in-vitro mycotoxin binding assay was established. Conditions include adsorption of four mycotoxins typical for North American and European markets—deoxynivalenol (=DON, vomitoxin), ochratoxin (OTA), T-2 toxin and zearalenone (ZEN)—from an aqueous solution, pH 6.5 (0.1 M Na-phosphate buffer), at 37° C. within an hour by 0.5% suspension of the adsorbent candidate. Concentration of each mycotoxin in the mix has been chosen at 1 mg / l (in sum −4.0 mg / l).

[0031]Mycotoxin content in the model aqueous solution was measured using HPLC / MS / MS on a C-8 column eluted by a gradient of formiate buffer->acetonitrile. Under these HPLC conditions mycotoxins are eluted in the following sequence: DON-OTA-T-2-ZEN

example 2

[0032]The biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was produced by submerged fermentation on wheat bran under standard industrial conditions and dried. The dried material was micronized to 5 microns using an orbital mill. The material was tested in-vitro for its mycotoxin binding properties in comparison to the commercial mycotoxin binder Mycosorb (Alltech, Ky.), based on esterified yeast beta-glucan, and yeast / bacterial biomass-based binder Mycofix Plus (Biomin, Austria) using the protocol described in Example 1. The effectiveness of binding four mycotoxins is presented in Table 1.

TABLE 1In-vitro effectiveness of adsorption of four mycotoxins by twocommercial binders and three variants of micronized yeast biomass,alone and in combination with acid hydrolysis lignin.% of mycotoxin adsorbed from aAdsorbent candidate, 5 g / l,mixture of 4 toxins, 1 mg / l eachpH 6.5, 37° C., 1 hourDONOTAT-2ZEACommercial mycotoxin bindersMycosorb (Alltech, Ireland)55.316.16.162.7Mycofix Plus (Biomin, Austria)4....

example 3

[0033]The biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was produced by submerged fermentation on wet distiller's grain under standard industrial conditions and dried. The dried material was milled to 10-30 microns using an impeller mill with the following specifications:

Number of rotors1Position of rotorshorizontalRotation frequency4,500rpmLinear speed of collision70m / secElectrical power consumption30kWMilling capacity120kg / hourMaximal start particle size20mmMaximal hardness of start material, Mohs scale3

[0034]The material was tested for its mycotoxin binding properties in comparison to the commercial yeast esterified beta-glucan based binder Mycosorb (Alltech, Kentucky) and yeast / bacterial biomass based binder Mycofix Plus (Biomin, Austria) in-vitro using the protocol described in Example 1. The effectiveness of initial binding is presented in Table 1.