231 results about "Blood level" patented technology

The present invention discloses a method and apparatus and method for achieving non-invasive measurement of analytes from human and animal blood through the skin using Raman lightwave technology. The apparatus includes a hydraulic tissue permeation unit, which controls the amount of blood in the laser tissue interaction region. Two or more spectra are obtained at different blood levels. These spectra are used to improve the measurements.

Compositions and methods are provided for prognostic classification of autoimmune disease patients into subtypes, which subtypes are informative of the patient's need for therapy and responsiveness to a therapy of interest. The patterns of circulating blood levels of serum autoantibodies and/or cytokines provides for a signature pattern that can identify patients likely to benefit from therapeutic intervention as well as discriminate patients that have a high probability of responsiveness to a therapy from those that have a low probability of responsiveness. Additionally, serum autoantibody and/or cytokine signature patterns can be utilized to monitor responses to therapy. Assessment of this signature pattern of autoantibodies and/or cytokines in a patient thus allows improved methods of care. In one embodiment of the invention, the autoimmune disease is rheumatoid arthritis.

A non-invasive method for analyzing the blood-brain barrier includes obtaining a Raman spectrum of a selected portion of the eye and monitoring the Raman spectrum to ascertain a change to the dynamics of the blood brain barrier. Also, non-invasive methods for determining the brain or blood level of an analyte of interest, such as glucose, drugs, alcohol, poisons, and the like, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam (e.g., at a wavelength of 600 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor, vitreous humor, or one or more conjunctiva vessels in the eye is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated portion of the eye; and then determining the blood level or brain level (intracranial or cerebral spinal fluid level) of an analyte of interest for the subject from the Raman spectrum. In certain embodiments, the detecting step may be followed by the step of subtracting a confounding fluorescence spectrum from the Raman spectrum to produce a difference spectrum; and determining the blood level and/or brain level of the analyte of interest for the subject from that difference spectrum, preferably using linear or nonlinear multivariate analysis such as partial least squares analysis. Apparatus for carrying out the foregoing methods are also disclosed.

A non-invasive method for analyzing the blood-brain barrier includes obtaining a Raman spectrum of a selected portion of the eye and monitoring the Raman spectrum to ascertain a change to the dynamics of the blood brain barrier.

Also, non-invasive methods for determining the brain or blood level of an analyte of interest, such as glucose, drugs, alcohol, poisons, and the like, comprises: generating an excitation laser beam at a selected wavelength (e.g., at a wavelength of about 400 to 900 nanometers); focusing the excitation laser beam into the anterior chamber of an eye of the subject so that aqueous humor, vitreous humor, or one or more conjunctiva vessels in the eye is illuminated; detecting (preferably confocally detecting) a Raman spectrum from the illuminated portion of the eye; and then determining the blood level or brain level (intracranial or cerebral spinal fluid level) of an analyte of interest for the subject from the Raman spectrum. In certain embodiments, the detecting step may be followed by the step of subtracting a confounding fluorescence spectrum from the Raman spectrum to produce a difference spectrum; and determining the blood level and/or brain level of the analyte of interest for the subject from that difference spectrum, preferably using linear or nonlinear multivariate analysis such as partial least squares analysis. Apparatus for carrying out the foregoing methods are also disclosed.

The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions that allow for once-daily or alternate day dosage forms of topiramate. The proposed delayed/extended release single dosage form is equivalent to the immediate-release multiple dose daily regimen, and upon administration, provides steady state blood levels of topiramate. Formulations with increased bioavailability and improved pharmacokinetics are disclosed. A once-a-day administration of topiramate is advantageous over the multiple dose regimen both in terms of patient compliance and reduced adverse events, thus providing better treatment of the conditions for which the topiramate is indicated.

A method and system for the extracorporeal treatment of blood to remove fluid from the fluid overloaded patient is disclosed that non-invasively measures an oxygen level in the venous blood. The oxygen blood level is used to detect when hypotension is about to occur in a patient. The oxygen level measurements are used as feedback signals. These feedback signals are applied to automatically control the rate of fluid extraction to achieve the desired clinical outcome and avoid precipitating a hypotensive crisis in the patient.

The present invention provides improved sustained release formulations of estradiol metabolites, including 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol, 4-hydroxyestradiol and 4-methoxyestradiol, useful for therapeutic treatments. The invention also provides methods of producing sustained release forms of estradiol metabolites. The compositions of the present invention include microparticles, nanoparticles, patches, crystals, gels, rods, stints, pallets, discs, lozenges, wafers, capsules, films, microcapsules nanocapsules, hydrogels, liposomes, implants and vaginal rings. Compositions also include formulations for transdermal and intravenous delivery of estradiol metabolites. The present invention provides numerous improvements over previous forms of estradiol metabolites, such advantages including the sustained release of normally short half-life compounds to maintain therapeutic blood levels.

This invention is directed to a dietary regimen and a unique combination of nutritional supplements and a method. More specifically, this invention is directed to a unique combination of nutritional supplements which provides symptomatic relief from arthritis. The unique combination of nutritional supplements of this invention is believed to function by both increasing the available (effective blood level) of anti-inflammatory agents and promotion of the healing/regenerative process in the effected joints, thus, producing unexpected and lasting symptomatic relief from the debilitating effects of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The essential nutritional supplements of the dietary regimen of this invention are as follows: (a) gamma linolenic acid (unrefined), hereinafter "GLA"(b) a mixture of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaneoic acid, hereinafter collectively "EPA"(c) a mixture of chondroitin sulfate, N-acetyl glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine sulfate and manganese aspartate, hereinafter collectively "CHONDROX"The regimen is adjusted based upon the weight of the individual, and once symptomatic relief is achieved, the individual remains essentially free from the debilitating effects of arthritis so as long the daily regimen is faithfully followed.

Life-threatening hepatotoxicity in the setting of acetaminophen overdose is due to depletion of glutathione (GSH), a vital cysteine-containing tripeptide that protects cells and organs against oxidant injury. Rapid administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which provides the cysteine necessary to replenish the depleted GSH, is the standard of care for preventing injury in acetaminophen overdose. Beneficial effects of NAC treatment have also been demonstrated in respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and infectious and other diseases. In fact, over fifty randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted in diverse clinical settings document positive responses to NAC treatment. The present invention relates to cysteine/glutathione (GSH) deficiency as a previously unrecognized clinical entity that can complicate the course of commonly encountered diseases and methods of treatment of this generalized deficiency involving administering N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative to a subject in need thereof and monitoring the subjects appropriate glutathione blood levels as needed.

The present invention discloses a method and apparatus and method for achieving non-invasive measurement of analytes from human and animal blood through the skin using Raman lightwave technology. The apparatus includes a hydraulic tissue permeation unit, which controls the amount of blood in the laser tissue interaction region. Two or more spectra are obtained at different blood levels. These spectra are used to improve the measurements.

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for vaginal administration of a treating agent normally associated with undesired side effects at detrimental blood levels. The composition releases the treating agent at a rate to achieve local tissue concentrations without such detrimental blood levels by using a therapeutically effective amount of the treating agent and a bioadhesive, cross-linked water swellable, but water-insoluble polycarboxylic acid polymer. Using this composition and the method of treatment provides sufficient local levels of the drug to provide therapeutic efficacy, but avoids many untoward adverse events. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for use during menses that includes a treating agent and a bioadhesive, cross-linked water swellable, but water-insoluble polycarboxylic acid polymer.

A system and method are provided for determining intravenous blood levels of a target compound contained in a blood vessel of a patient. The method includes the operation of detecting concentrations of the target compound within a patient's blood using a sensor device configured to optically test blood at a location within the blood vessel. Another operation is calculating a measured amount of a therapeutic compound to administer into the patient's bloodstream based on the concentrations of the target compound in the blood. The measured amount of therapeutic compound may then be pumped through the catheter into the patient's blood.

The present invention relates to methods of treating cancers, e.g., lymphoma. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods of treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), by administration of pharmaceutical compositions comprising HDAC inhibitors, e.g., suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). The oral formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles such as high bioavailability and surprisingly give rise to high blood levels of the active compounds over an extended period of time. The present invention further provides a safe, daily dosing regimen of these pharmaceutical compositions, which is easy to follow, and which results in a therapeutically effective amount of the HDAC inhibitors in vivo.

Formulations have been developed administering methscopolamine in multi-phases. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation contains methscopolamine in an immediate release. (“IR”) form and a sustained or delayed release (“DR”) form and/or poised release (“PR”) form. In another embodiment, the methscopolamine is released in a gradient, decreasing the side effects associated with rapidly elevated blood levels. In another embodiment the drug is bound to an ion-exchange resin, which can be suspended in a liquid or incorporated into a matrix for delayed, sustained and/or pulsed release. Dosage unit forms may be tablets, gels, liquids, capsules, beads, microparticles, films or lozenges. Multi-phase delivery can also be achieved through the use of a kit that provides for dosage escalation. This kit can be a blister pack or equivalent, wherein the drug is packaged so that a first dosage is taken, then sequentially larger dosages. The dosages can be the same in each unit, and instructions provided so that the correct dosage is obtained through the number of units and the time of administration or the dosages may be different, and the units ordered so dial the desired dosage administration profile is obtained when the patient takes the units in order as instructed.

An oral dosage form comprising a single dose of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D₃ sufficient to elevate the serum level in a human to a concentration in the range of 30 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml for at least 7 days and a pharmaceutically suitable oral carrier system, wherein subsequent single doses at least every 7 days are sufficient to sustain the serum level in a human to a concentration in the range of 30 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml at steady-state pharmacokinetics is disclosed. A method of elevating and sustaining the blood level concentration of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D₃ in a human in need thereof comprising orally administering or parenterally administering by injection or infusion, at least once every 7 days, a single dose of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D₃ sufficient to elevate the serum level in a human to a concentration in the range of 30 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml for at least 7 days, wherein the single doses orally administered at least every 7 days are sufficient to sustain the serum level in a human to a concentration in the range of 30 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml at steady-state pharmacokinetics is disclosed. The human in need thereof may be a human deficient in vitamin D having a serum level concentration of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D₃ less than 30 ng/ml.

The invention relates to a method of altering the blood levels of LH or FSH in an individual. The method comprises nasally administering a steroid which is a human vomeropherin, such that the vomeropherin binds to a specific neuroepithelial receptor. The steroid or steroids is/are preferably administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition containing one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

Compositions and methods are provided for prognostic classification of autoimmune disease patients into subtypes, which subtypes are informative of the patient's probability of developing clinical symptoms or severe disease. The patterns of circulating blood levels of serum cytokines provides for a signature pattern that can discriminate patients that have a high probability of developing disease from those that have a low probability of developing disease. Assessment of this signature pattern in a patient thus allows improved methods of care and intervention. In one embodiment of the invention, the autoimmune disease is rheumatoid arthritis.

The present invention relates to testosterone topical formulations, especially high testosterone concentration formulations, such as between about 6% to about 15% w/w or higher, for the controlled release of testosterone into the systemic circulation of males and females for providing constant effective testosterone blood levels, without inducing undesired testosterone spike in blood levels or testosterone transference, following topical administration. The present invention also relates to methods and pre-filled multi-dose airless applicator systems for pernasal administration of the nasal testosterone gels of the present invention