49 results about "Hydraulic conductance" patented technology

A method for performing an electrosurgical procedure at a surgical site on a patient includes continually sensing electrical and physical properties proximate the surgical site that includes acquiring readings of tissue electrical impedance with respect to time at the surgical site; identifying the minima and maxima of the impedance readings with respect to time; and correlating the minima and / or the maxima of the impedance readings with hydration level and / or hydraulic conductivity in the tissue at the surgical site. The method also includes controlling the application of electrosurgical energy to the surgical site to vary energy delivery based on the step of correlating the minima and / or the maxima of the impedance readings with the hydration level / or and the hydraulic conductivity in the tissue at the surgical site. The process may be an ablation process.

A pavement material for the capture of waterborne constituents. The pavement material comprises a porous pavement substrate and an amphoteric compound bonded to the substrate. The porous pavement material may have a hydraulic conductivity ranging from about 0.001 to about 1.0 cm / sec and may act as a storm water storage basin.

A permeameter apparatus and method of measuring hydraulic permeability of porous samples, that includes multiple tube manometers stacked vertically at equal intervals on the same side wall of a compression cell containing the sample. The levels of the water menisci in the stacked manometers characterize the temporal and spatial profile of hydraulic conductivity, which can be measured in the constant and falling head regimes in the same apparatus. The apparatus is enabled with a sample compression system imitating the geostatic pressure profiles at different depths of the sample extraction. The apparatus and method allow measurement of time-dependent hydraulic conductivity in anisotropic media at variable pressures.

The field of the invention relates to systems and methods for exchanging heat from the degradation, decomposition, and chemical / biochemical transformation of municipal, industrial, and other types of waste. In one embodiment, a heat extraction system may include a closed-loop fluid circulation piping channeled throughout at least one heat extraction well oriented throughout a waste mass. The piping is fluidly coupled to a heat exchanger. A first circulation fluid is circulated through the closed-loop circulation piping into various depths of the waste mass to transfer thermal energy between said mass and said heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the transfer of thermal energy between the waste mass and the heat exchanger is used as alternative energy method and to control at least one of shear strength, compressibility, and hydraulic conductivity of the waste mass.

Provided are an apparatus and a method for river water purification using a treatment soil layer and a permeable filtering medium layer. The river water purification apparatus includes a treatment soil layer and a permeable filtering medium layer which are sequentially and alternately stacked. The treatment soil layer includes a plurality of unit soil layers which are arranged at intervals. A reservoir part which stores a predetermined amount of river water and supplies the river water to an inside of the unit soil layer is provided in an upper end part of the unit soil layer. The permeable filtering medium layer has a higher hydraulic conductivity than that of the treatment soil layer. The river water purification apparatus increases a treatment flux of river water regardless of a coefficient of water permeability of soil and effectively removes nitrogen, phosphorus and nutrient salts by stably forming an anaerobic condition.

Soil permeability is measured in situ by connecting an elongated fluid supply tube to a section of prefabricated vertical drain for remote fluid communication with interior portions of the drain. The combination drain with attached tube is then installed into the soil at a predetermined level below the soil surface with a proximal end of the tube exposed above the soil surface. The tube is then filled with water and the hydraulic conductivity of water in the tube and drain section combination is measured versus time for thereby measuring the soil permeability in situ.

The invention aims to provide a phosphorite waste land ecological remediation method capable of controlling loss of contaminants. In the invention, a medium with a low hydraulic conductivity and high saturation degree is used as a covering medium for waste phosphorite to be combined with coarse sandy soil to form a covering protective layer, and the covering mode of the covering layer is that thecovering medium, coarse sandy soil and a phosphorite layer are covered in turn. The covering protective layer effectively prevents upper water from contacting lower phosphorite, so the leaching loss of the phosphorite contaminant is avoided; then plants are planted, so that the roots of the plants can fix the covering soil; and thus, the phosphorite waste land ecological remediation technique having a contamination control effect is formed.

A apparatus for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media in an unsaturated zone of the earth. The measuring apparatus includes a cylinder member inserted into the porous media in a position in which the upper and lower ends of the cylinder member are open, a means for supplying a constant flow rate of water to the cylinder member, and a pressure measuring means for measuring the hydraulic head in response to water flowing into the cylinder member. The measuring apparatus can easily measure the vertical hydraulic conductivity of a foundation based on Darcy's Law in the field. It is possible to accurately measure the hydraulic conductivity of a sedimentary layer in the natural state and easily determine geological characteristics of the soil. It is possible to obtain very accurate information regarding the process of dispersion and movement of contaminants.

A dissolved oxygen releasing blend is disclosed utilizing magnesium peroxide blended with powdered Bentonite and / or vegetable oil. The Bentonite (or other clay material) reduces the hydraulic conductivity of magnesium peroxide, thereby reducing the rate of magnesium peroxide disassociation.

Methods of contacting a subterranean formation are described which provide improved control or reduction of particulate migration, transport or flowback in wellbores and reservoirs, and which may do so without sacrificing substantial hydraulic conductivity. One method comprises injecting into a well-bore intersecting the subterranean formation a fluid composition comprising a first component and a second component dispersed in a carrier fluid, at least a portion of the first component or second component being provided as at least one multicomponent article having an aspect ratio greater than 1:1.1; forming a network comprising the first component; and binding the network with the second component.

The present invention relates to devices and methods for measuring the permeability of dentin. More particularly, the invention relates to devices and methods of quickly and accurately measuring the permeability of dentin using a flow cell.

The present invention relates to devices and methods for measuring the permeability of dentin. More particularly, the invention relates to devices and methods of quickly and accurately measuring the permeability of dentin using a flow cell.

A method and device for visually recording hydraulic conductance through a sectioned piece of dentin; and which can be used to measure the effectiveness of treatments to reduce the permeability of dentin.

The present invention relates to devices and methods for measuring the permeability of dentin. More particularly, the invention relates to devices and methods of quickly and accurately measuring the permeability of dentin using a flow cell.

The field of the invention relates to systems and methods for exchanging heat from the degradation, decomposition, and chemical / biochemical transformation of municipal, industrial, and other types of waste. In one embodiment, a heat extraction system may include a closed-loop fluid circulation piping channeled throughout at least one heat extraction well oriented throughout a waste mass. The piping is fluidly coupled to a heat exchanger. A first circulation fluid is circulated through the closed-loop circulation piping into various depths of the waste mass to transfer thermal energy between said mass and said heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the transfer of thermal energy between the waste mass and the heat exchanger is used as alternative energy method and to control at least one of shear strength, compressibility, and hydraulic conductivity of the waste mass.

A system and method for simulating soil moisture of farmland and large agricultural areas in three dimensions is described. The invention utilizes numerical techniques to solve a three dimensional boundary value problem which is defined by the soil to air interface (surface, x and y), and soil below surface (depth along the z axis) over the area of interest. Solved are key parameters which describe the soil which include soil particle size distribution (soil type), Hydraulic conductivity (water flow in the Z axis) Soil water diffusivity (water moving in the x, and y direction). This model will result in delivering soil moisture readings and soil water storage as a function of time thereby helping local managers of farmland or large agricultural areas to optimize watering and care of crops.

There is provided a water exchange meter being capable of automatically and continuously measuring the water exchange at the surface water / sediment interface in which a saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediment from the hydraulic head difference between a chamber and a storage pipe at a measurement location is measured, and after the measurement of the saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity, while the measurement device used in the measurement of the vertical hydraulic conductivity is maintained, a vertical hydraulic gradient between upper and lower portions of a chamber is continuously measured in situ.

Disclosed is a method of reducing uncertainty, which exactly finds the hydraulic conductivity and the specific storativity of a rock sample in pressure pulse-decay measurement. Axial and confining pressures are applied to the rock sample, and upstream and downstream reservoirs are connected to the rock sample. Coordinate values representing minimum values of a contour of a graph of an objective function, in which the hydraulic conductivity and the specific storativity obtained through the pressure pulse-decay measurement scheme to apply pressure pulses from the outside are expressed in horizontal and vertical axes are found from the graph. The coordinate values are set as the hydraulic conductivity and the specific storativity of the rock sample. Graphs of objective functions obtained by repeating the pressure pulse-decay measurement while changing boundary conditions are shown in overlapped, thereby reducing the uncertainty of the hydraulic conductivity and the specific storativity of the rock sample.

A apparatus for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media in an unsaturated zone of the earth. The measuring apparatus includes a cylinder member inserted into the porous media in a position in which the upper and lower ends of the cylinder member are open, a means for supplying a constant flow rate of water to the cylinder member, and a pressure measuring means for measuring the hydraulic head in response to water flowing into the cylinder member. The measuring apparatus can easily measure the vertical hydraulic conductivity of a foundation based on Darcy's Law in the field. It is possible to accurately measure the hydraulic conductivity of a sedimentary layer in the natural state and easily determine geological characteristics of the soil. It is possible to obtain very accurate information regarding the process of dispersion and movement of contaminants.

A device to aid in the testing procedure for soil percolation used in the design of septic systems. The device is used to measure the rapidity of a change of water surface elevation. The device comprises one or more timers (24) connected to a series of sensors so that a change in the presence of water at specific elevations will start or stop a timer. The rate of water absorption and the hydraulic conductivity of the soil are then calculated from the values on the timers.

The invention belongs to the field of scarp drop water and specifically relates to the calculation method for a drop water quantity, a drop water width and a thickness of an upper water zone of underground drop water. The method comprises the following steps: 1, punching a hole in the upstream area, recording a point where the scarp is as the coordinate origin of the x-axis, and obtaining the distance L from the hole punched in the upstream zone to the coordinate origin; 2, measuring the thickness hl of an aquifer at the distance L from the hole in the upstream zone to the coordinate origin, ahydraulic conductance coefficient kr of the horizontal seepage at the scarp and a hydraulic conductance coefficient kd of the vertical seepage; 3, calculating the drop water quantity q, the drop water width R and the thickness of the upper water layer h0 of the underground drop water by the formula 1 according to the values of L, hl, k, kr and kd obtained in steps 1 and 2. The invention objectively simulates the water drop phenomenon of the groundwater seepage field and provides a mathematical model for groundwater simulation and groundwater evaluation. The invention can improve the accuracyof groundwater calculation and evaluation and can be widely used in the fields of groundwater resource evaluation and protection, groundwater environmental impact assessment and pollution prevention and control, water damage assessment and prevention of underground works.

A permeameter apparatus and method of measuring hydraulic permeability of porous samples, that includes multiple tube manometers stacked vertically at equal intervals on the same side wall of a compression cell containing the sample. The levels of the water menisci in the stacked manometers characterize the temporal and spatial profile of hydraulic conductivity, which can be measured in the constant and falling head regimes in the same apparatus. The apparatus is enabled with a sample compression system imitating the geostatic pressure profiles at different depths of the sample extraction. The apparatus and method allow measurement of time-dependent hydraulic conductivity in anisotropic media at variable pressures.

The present invention relates to devices and methods for measuring the permeability of dentin. More particularly, the invention relates to devices and methods of quickly and accurately measuring the permeability of dentin using a flow cell.

The field of the invention relates to systems and methods for exchanging heat from the degradation, decomposition, and chemical / biochemical transformation of municipal, industrial, and other types of waste. In one embodiment, a heat extraction system may include a closed-loop fluid circulation piping channeled throughout at least one heat extraction well oriented throughout a waste mass. The piping is fluidly coupled to a heat exchanger. A first circulation fluid is circulated through the closed-loop circulation piping into various depths of the waste mass to transfer thermal energy between said mass and said heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the transfer of thermal energy between the waste mass and the heat exchanger is used as alternative energy method and to control at least one of shear strength, compressibility, and hydraulic conductivity of the waste mass.