The invention provides a VR-based power transmission line maintenance training system . The VR-based power transmission line maintenance training system comprises a master control device, a VR helmet,a VR handle and a positioning device, wherein the master control device comprises a control module, a modeling module, a training module, a warning module, a case display module, a summary module anda scoring module; the VR helmet, the VR handle, the positioning device, the modeling module and the training module are all connected with the control module; and the training module comprises a lineinspection module, an insulator replacement module, a stockbridge damper replacement module, a spacer replacement module and a stay wire manufacturing module. The invention further provides a VR-based power transmission line maintenance training method. According to the VR-based power transmission line maintenance training system and the VR-based power transmission line maintenance training method, the training cost can be reduced, the training quality is improved, the training efficiency is accelerated, the learning power of a trainee is stimulated, the learning experience is enhanced, situation learning and knowledge migration are realized, and the realization of modernization of electric power skill training is promoted.