The present application relates to the field of floating technology, in particular to a floating device and a floating method for large components in shallow water channels, the floating device comprising at least two oppositely arranged side pontoons, a head pontoon and a
tail movable pontoon being connected between the adjacent side pontoons, the head pontoon and the
tail movable pontoon being arranged at intervals, a
deck being connected above the side pontoons, the head pontoon, the
tail movable pontoon and the two adjacent side pontoons, the
deck, the head pontoon, the tail movable pontoon and the two adjacent side pontoons together forming a sealed cabin with an open bottom, when applied to the transportation of a large-sized
immersed tube, the
immersed tube is placed in the sealed cabin, a vacuum is formed in the sealed cabin by means of a vacuumizing device, the water surface in the sealed cabin rises under the action of
atmospheric pressure, the
immersed tube floating on the water surface in the cabin is driven to rise, thereby increasing the distance between the immersed tube and the bottom of the shallow
water channel, and further reducing the requirement for the
water depth of the shallow
water channel, and reducing the difficulty of the floating operation.