The present invention is applicable to the technical field of geographic information, and provides a spatial vector data indexing and query method based on HBase distributed storage. The method includes: establishing a spatial database metatable, and each record in the spatial database metatable corresponds to a spatial vector Data set table; each server node queries the space vector data set table according to the query conditions, and returns the query results to the client. The invention uses the RowKey index composed of partitions, spaces, attributes, object IDs, etc., which can effectively improve the organization of vector space data, thereby avoiding redundant storage of data; at the same time, it also customizes the partition strategy, which can automatically and evenly distribute data to each On the server node, the resource utilization rate of each node of the cluster is relatively balanced; in addition, the present invention also adopts a spatial coding method based on the XZ-Ordering idea, which can effectively solve the problem of line and area elements crossing geographic grids.