The invention belongs to the technical field of tumor molecule detection, and particularly discloses a method and a kit for detecting HER2
gene mRNA (
messenger Ribonucleic Acid) trace expression based on an RT-ddPCR (Reverse Transcription-Derived
Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology. The kit contains a cross HER2
exon 19-20 / 20-21 specific primer probe, a
reference gene specific primer probe and
reverse transcriptase, and the ddPCR premix solution, the HER2 probe and the
reference gene probe are respectively marked with different fluorophores. According to the detection method, after
RNA extraction, reverse transcription and RT-ddPCR amplification of a detection sample are carried out, the HER2 / internal reference copy number ratio is calculated to realize
typing, a
breast cancer sample is completely negative when the Ratio is smaller than 1.0, is ultralow in expression when the Ratio is larger than or equal to 1.0 and smaller than 5.0, is low in expression when the Ratio is larger than or equal to 5.0 and smaller than 50.0, and is medium-high in expression when the Ratio is larger than or equal to 50.0. The detection sensitivity reaches 0.1 copy / microliter,
absolute quantification can be achieved, adaptability to FFPE samples is high,
breast cancer patients with ultralow expression of HER2 in IHC 0 can be accurately screened, a molecular basis is provided for accurate medication of ADC drugs such as
Trastuzumab deruxtecan, and the kit can also be used for related detection of
solid tumors such as gastric
cancer and
cervical cancer with HER2
gene amplification as a marker.