779 results about "Radiation damage" patented technology

The present invention is directed toward a detector structure, detector arrays, and a method of detecting incident radiation. The present invention comprises several embodiments that provide for reduced radiation damage susceptibility, decreased affects of crosstalk, reduced dark current (current leakage) and increased flexibility in application. In one embodiment, a photodiode array comprises a substrate having at least a front side and a back side, a plurality of diode elements integrally formed in the substrate forming the array, wherein each diode element has a p+ fishbone pattern on the front side, and wherein the p+ fishbone pattern substantially reduces capacitance and crosstalk between adjacent photodiodes, a plurality of front surface cathode and anode contacts, and wire interconnects between diode elements made through a plurality of back surface contacts.

A method and associated apparatus for detecting concealed fissile, fissionable or special nuclear material in an article, such as a shipping container, is provided. The article is irradiated with a source of fast neutrons, and fast neutrons released by the fissile or fissionable material, if present, are detected between source neutron pulses. The method uses a neutron detector that can detect and discriminate fast neutrons in the presence of thermal neutrons and gamma radiation. The detector is able to process high count rates and is resistant to radiation damage, and is preferably a solid state neutron detector comprised of silicon carbide.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the protection of skin and mucous membranes from undesirable side effects of ionizing radiation in a patient undergoing ionizing radiation therapy. In particular, the application describes compositions and methods comprising the topical use of Nrf2 inducers.

A method of damaging a target tissue of a subject is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) imaging a region containing the target tissue; (b) determining a focal region of a damaging radiation; (c) positioning the focal region onto the target tissue; and (d) damaging the target tissue by an effective amount of the damaging radiation. The determination of the focal region is by delivering to the region bursts of ultrasonic radiation from a plurality of directions and at a plurality of different frequencies, and passively scanning the region so as to receive from the region ultrasonic radiation having at least one frequency other than the plurality of different frequencies.

The present invention provides for reduced radiation damage susceptibility, decreased affects of crosstalk, and increased flexibility in application. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a back side illuminated photodiode array with a back side etching that minimizes the active area layer, thereby decreasing the affects of crosstalk. The back side etching is preferably, but by no way of limitation, in the form of “U” or “V” shaped grooves. The back side illuminated with back side etching (BSL-BE) photodiodes are implemented in an array and have superior performance characteristics, including less radiation damage due to a thinner active area, and less crosstalk due to shorter distances for minority carriers to diffuse to the PN junction.

The invention discloses a method for preparing patterned graphene. In the method, a photoresist is patterned on a device substrate by a microelectronic process such as UV lithography and electron beam lithography, and windows are formed at positions needing graphene; by a graphene transfer method, large-area graphene is transferred onto the patterned photoresist; and the photoresist and the graphene thereon are stripped by an acetone immersion method so as to obtain the patterned graphene required by the device. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of accurate positioning, and does not require etching or manufacturing an imprint template so as to have low cost. Through the method, the patterned graphene is accurately positioned, and the integration of large-area devices is easy to realize. Besides, by exposure and stripping methods, an oxygen plasma-etching step is avoided, so the reduction of the device performance caused by radiation damage is avoided.

Devices and methods are disclosed for treatment to tissue surrounding a body cavity or other intracorporeal site, such as after removal of tissue, e.g. cancer. Such a device includes a treatment location on a distal portion of the device with one or more radiation shielding components that partially encircle a radiation source at the treatment location to control emitted radiation from the radiation source. The device minimizes radiation damage to healthy tissue surrounding the body cavity or other site while irradiating tissue not shielded by the radiation shielding components. A device embodying features of the invention can include a sealing member at a location on a shaft of the device proximal to a treatment location to seal the passageway leading to the body cavity.

Methods of treating or suppressing oxidative stress diseases and symptoms related to oxidative stress affecting normal electron flow in the cells or caused by reactive oxygen species with redox-active therapeutics. Use of redox-active therapeutics for the reduction, suppression or treatment of oxidative stress induced by chemical agents such as contrast agents and other nephrotoxic agents, by radiation exposure, and by disruptions in the transport of oxygen to tissues, is disclosed.

The present invention is directed toward a detector structure, detector arrays, and a method of detecting incident radiation. The present invention comprises a photodiode array and method of manufacturing a photodiode array that provides for reduced radiation damage susceptibility, decreased affects of crosstalk, reduced dark current (current leakage) and increased flexibility in application.

This invention pertains to a method of low-cost intraoperative all field simultaneous parallel microbeam single fraction few seconds duration 100 to 1,000 Gy and higher dose radiosurgery with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-carbon nanotube based microaccelerators. It ablates cancer cells including the mesenchymal epithelial transformation associated cancer stem cells. Microbeam brachy-therapeutic radiosurgery is performed. Microaccelerators are configured for simultaneous parallel microbeam emission from varying angels to an isocentric tumor. Their additive dose rate at the isocentric tumor is in the range of 10,000 to 20,000 Gy/s. It eliminates most tumor recurrence and metastasis which enhances cancer cure rates. It also exposes cancer antigens which induces cancer immunity. Stereotactic breast core biopsy is combined with, positron emission tomography and computerized tomography and phase-contrast imaging. Parallel microbeam brachytherapy preserves normal breast appearance. Migration of normal stem cells from unirradiated valley regions heals the radiation damage to the normal tissue.

The present invention is directed to a high active sunscreen composition for topical application to human skin to protect the skin against UV radiation damage. The composition is particularly suitable for over-coating with make-up or other cosmetic compositions. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the use of a specific eutectic mixture of lower alkyl phthalamide that is surprisingly effective in solubilizing 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL.RTM. 1789). Such concentrates solutions of PARSOL.RTM. 1789 can be used to formulate a more effective sunscreen, having a surprisingly increased sunscreen protection factor (SPF) and such that the PARSOL.RTM. 1789 is more effective over a longer period of time so that the sunscreen composition need not be applied to the skin as frequently.

The invention discloses an ultrasound bone density measuring and analyzing system. The system comprises an ultrasound parameter measuring apparatus, a communication interface and a human machine interaction device, wherein the ultrasound parameter measuring apparatus comprises transmitting unit consisting of a pulse generator, a high-voltage pulse excitation module and a transmitting probe, an ultrasound receiving unit consisting of a receiving probe, a simulation pretreatment module, a gain adjustable amplifier, a phrase comparator, a high-speed ADC and an asynchronous FIFO, and a central processor, a power supply control module and a structural body. the human machine interaction device controls the ultrasound parameter measuring apparatus through the communication interface to measure the width of a calcaneus of a detected person, the transmission speed of an ultrasound wave in the calcaneus, broadband ultrasonic attenuation to calculate the bone intensity indexes and the bone density, so a medical report can be made according to diagnostic standards of osteoporosis and a special data base can be built for long term use. The system adopts wet or dry coupling and other technologies to improve the precision and accuracy of measure and has the advantages of easy carrying, low cost, no damage caused by radiation and can be use in long term monitoring of bone condition of the detected person.

Materials, devices, and methods for enhancing performance of electronic devices such as solar cells, fuels cells, LEDs, thermoelectric conversion devices, and other electronic devices are disclosed and described. A diamond-like carbon electronic device can include a conductive diamond-like carbon cathode having specified carbon, hydrogen and sp² bonded carbon contents. In some cases, the sp² bonded carbon content may be sufficient to provide the conductive diamond-like carbon material with a visible light transmissivity of greater than about 0.70. A charge carrier separation layer can be coupled adjacent and between the diamond-like carbon cathode and an anode. The conductive diamond-like carbon material of the present invention can be useful for any other application which can benefit from the use of conductive and transparent electrodes which are also chemically inert, radiation damage resistance, and are simple to manufacture.

The invention provides a gesture recognition control method and device for an intelligent household appliance, and a storage medium and equipment. The method comprises: to monitor whether a user gesture exists in a designated area; when the user gesture exists in the designated area, a microwave radar sensor is started, and a radar echo signal, reflected by the user gesture, of the microwave radarsensor and a gesture distance between the microwave radar sensor and the user gesture are obtained; to recognize gesture actions and gesture action changes of the user gestures according to the radarecho signals and the gesture distances; to generate a corresponding control instruction according to the recognized gesture action and the gesture action change, and to execute the control instruction to realize intelligent household appliance control. According to the invention, while the power consumption is reduced, the radiation damage to the human body is reduced. The gesture recognition speed and the recognition accuracy are effectively improved, and the precise control of the intelligent household electrical appliance is realized.

Devices and methods are disclosed for treatment to tissue surrounding a body cavity or other intracorporeal site, such as after removal of tissue, e.g. cancer. Such a device includes a treatment location on a distal portion of the device with one or more radiation shielding components that partially encircle a radiation source at the treatment location to control emitted radiation from the radiation source. The device minimizes radiation damage to healthy tissue surrounding the body cavity or other site while irradiating tissue not shielded by the radiation shielding components. A device embodying features of the invention can include a sealing member at a location on a shaft of the device proximal to a treatment location to seal the passageway leading to the body cavity.

An ion radiation damage prediction method includes a parameter computation step of computing the collision position and the incidence angle of an incident ion hitting a fabricated object by considering a transport path of the ion and by adopting the Monte Carlo method which takes distributions of flux quantities, incidence energies and angles of incident ions as input parameters; and a defect-distribution computation step of searching for data by referring to information found at the parameter computation step and databases created in advance, the databases storing distributions of quantities of crystalline defects having an effect on the fabricated object, ion reflection probabilities and ion penetration depths, finding the penetration depth and location of the incident ion based on the data found in the search operation, and the incidence energy and angle of the incident ion, and computing a distribution of defects in the fabricated object from the penetration depth and location.

The invention is suitable for the field of medical equipment, and discloses radiotherapy equipment, which comprises a frame and a therapeutic bed. A receiving chamber for receiving a patient is arranged on the frame. The therapeutic bed for supporting the patient is arranged at the receiving chamber. A radioactive source device that emits radioactive beam to treat the patient on the therapeutic bed is further arranged on the frame. The radioactive source device is arranged in the receiving chamber. An imaging device for displaying the position and shape of the focus of the patient is further arranged on the frame. The imaging device is arranged out of the receiving chamber. The radiotherapy equipment provided by the invention is precise in treatment and has better effect of radiotherapy. Also, the imaging device is arranged out of the receiving chamber so that the imaging device and the radioactive source device do not interfere with each other, the radiation damage of the radioactive source on a detector in the imaging device is reduced, and the reliability and service life of the imaging device are greatly improved.

In some aspects, a scintillator composition includes, prior to annealing, the composition (G_1-x-yA_xRE_y)_aD_zO₁₂, wherein D is selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and In, G is selected from the group consisting of Tb, Y, La, Gd, and Yb, A is selected from the group consisting of Lu, Y, La, Gd, and Yb, and RE is selected from the group consisting of Ho, Er, Tm and Ce, and x is in the range from 0 up to about 0.2774, inclusive, y is in the range from about 0.001 up to about 0.012, inclusive, a is in the range 2.884 up to about 3.032, inclusive, and z is in the range from about 4.968 up to about 5.116, inclusive.

A multicolumn selectivity inversion generator separation method has been developed in which actinium ions, a desired daughter radionuclide, are selectively extracted from a solution of the thorium parent and daughter radionuclides by a primary separation column, stripped, and passed through a second guard column that retains any parent or other daughter interferents, while the desired daughter actinium ions and radium ions elute. This separation method minimizes the effects of radiation damage to the separation material and permits the reliable production of radionuclides of high chemical and radionuclidic purity for use in diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine.

The invention provides a GaAs solar energy cell performance degeneration prediction method in a space environment. The method comprises the following four steps: (1) establishment of a one-dimensional model of a GaAs solar energy cell in the space environment; (2) consideration of space particle radiation damage on an effective life of a carrier; (3) calculation of GaAs solar cell temperature; (4) realization of GaAs solar energy cell performance degeneration prediction through calculating a volt-ampere characteristic. According to the method, coupling effects of a space thermal vacuum environment and a radiation environment on the GaAs solar energy cell are considered, through establishing the one-dimensional model of the GaAs solar energy cell in the space environment, based on a minority continuity equation, degeneration case of the solar cell is analyzed and obtained through the volt-ampere characteristic. he invention has a practical value and a broad application prospect in the spatial solar cell electrical performance test technology field.

A method of selecting suitable laser-stable optical material for making an optical element, especially for transmission at wavelengths under 200 nm, is described. It includes a first pre-irradiation to produce radiation damage, subsequent excitation of induced fluorescence with light at between 350 to 700 nm at least ten minutes after the first pre-irradiation and measurement of induced fluorescence intensities at one or more wavelengths between 550 nm and 810 nm. After the fluorescence intensity measurement a second pre-irradiation is performed with an at least 1000-fold higher energy than in the first pre-irradiation and then induced fluorescence intensities are again measured to determine the increase in the fluorescence intensities. The materials determined to have suitable laser stability are used for making lenses, prisms, light-conducting rods, optical windows and optical devices for DUV lithography, especially steppers and excimer lasers, integrated circuits, computer chips as well as other electronic devices.