The invention provides an electric quantity prediction method and
system fusing physical constraint factors, and relates to the technical field of electric quantity prediction. Historical load, weather,
electricity price and calendar data are collected, and a key
feature set is constructed through preprocessing and
feature selection; a prediction model with the
physical information neural network as the core is constructed, the prediction model comprises a
recursion sub-module used for short-term prediction and a trend sub-module used for long-term prediction, and a physical constraint loss item based on a physical rule is introduced into model training so as to enhance the generalization ability; a multi-time
granularity modeling framework is adopted, uncertainty quantization is achieved through a Monte Carlo Dropout or Bayesian neural network, and a
confidence interval of a predicted value is output; and finally,
causal reasoning is carried out through a Shapley value
algorithm and anti-fact
simulation, and key influence factors are identified. According to the method, the precision, stability and
interpretability of electric quantity prediction are effectively improved, and reliable support is provided for
power grid dispatching and
decision making.