Disclosed herein are novel modulators for GIPR, GLP-1R and / or GCGR. Specifically, provided herein are antibodies that specifically bind GIPR,
oxyntomodulin analog peptides, and
antibody-
peptide conjugates (APCs) comprising an anti-GIPR
antibody and an
agonist for GLP-1R and / or GCGR (e.g.,
oxyntomodulin analog). Pharmaceutical compositions comprising these modulators disclosed herein, as well as uses thereof in treating metabolic conditions and disorders, such as diabetes (e.g., type 2 diabetes), NASH,
overweight, and
obesity are also provided.