The invention provides a TCP (transmission control protocol) congestion control method based on throughout change rate and an ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) mechanism. The method uses an ECN mechanism to prevent congestion, and comprises the following steps of when no ECN marks exist, if a packet is lost, judging the reason of packet loss according to the change rate of throughout, further adjusting a transmitting velocity instead of halving blindly, thereby avoiding severe performance problems caused by wireless random packet loss; and meanwhile, when no packet is lost, adjusting the increasing of windows according to the change rate of the throughout, further preventing congestion. By combining the ECN technology and the control method based on the throughout change rate, ECN can perform controlling in mild congestion of a network, thereby avoiding TCP Incast phenomenon in a wired data center; the control method based on the throughout change rate can be used for adjusting the sending windows according to the throughout change rate of the current network, when the packet is lost, the reason of the packet loss can be judged, so that the halving of the sending windows caused by wireless random packet loss can be avoided.