The present invention discloses a time-sharing automatic water sample collection device, and belongs to water environment monitoring equipment. The time-sharing automatic water sample collection device comprises a water distribution system (a round disc, iron rods, a bottom disc, a water receiving funnel, a diversion pipe, water sample bottles and a tray), a power system (a rotation wheel and a rubber band), a transmission system (a threaded rod and a ball bearing) and a rotation control system (a cross beam, socket screws, screws, support columns, an escapement fork, a permanent magnet, an electromagnet and a stop rod). According to the present invention, the rotation wheel is pulled to rotate by using the rubber band, the water distribution system is driven to rotate through the transmission system, and the escapement fork is driven to rotate by using the suction and the repulsion between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet in the cases of power on and power off so as to control the rotation amplitude of the water distribution system; with the time-sharing automatic water sample collection device, the rain or river water in different periods can be separately collected into different water sample bottles so as to conveniently research the rainfall runoff process, the rotation driving force is provided by using the rubber band so as to provide the low power consumption, and the water pipe flushing function can be achieved so as to easily improve the water sample collection accuracy.