The invention relates to the technical field of data query, and discloses a data query method and device based on a big data query engine, equipment and a medium, the method comprises the following steps: analyzing an obtained SQL query statement to obtain a corresponding query table and filtering information in the SQL query statement, then obtaining associated file information corresponding to the query table, and storing the associated file information in the SQL query statement; the method comprises the following steps: filtering SQL query statements, generating a target query table in combination with filtering information, performing matching processing on the SQL query statements, then replacing corresponding query tables in the matched SQL query statements with the target query table to obtain target SQL query statements, performing data query on the target SQL query statements through a big data query engine, and sending an obtained query result to a user side. The invention further relates to a block chain technology, and the query result is stored in the block chain. According to the method, the associated file information and the filtering conditions are added into the query statement, so that the data query range is reduced, and the data query efficiency of big data is improved.