The invention belongs to the technical field of cable hoisting, and particularly relates to a cable hoisting device. The cable hoisting device comprises an inserting rod and a cable reel, wherein one end of the inserting rod is fixedly connected with a hoisting seat with a fixing hole; a hole one is formed in the inserting rod, a rotating shaft is rotationally connected into the hole one, and one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a gear one; a motor is fixedly connected to the position, corresponding to the gear one, in the hole one, a gear two fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor is meshed with the gear one, and the gear one is wider than the gear two; a group of tensioning units are uniformly distributed on the inserting rod, and the tensioning units comprise supporting rods, supporting blocks and push-out blocks; a group of inserting holes are uniformly distributed in the circumference of the inserting rod, and the supporting rods penetrate through the inserting holes and are slidably connected with the inserting holes; one ends, located in the hole one, of the supporting rods are fixedly connected with the push-out blocks, and the other ends are fixedly connected with the supporting blocks; arc-shaped grooves are formed in the sides, close to the axis of the hole one, of the push-out blocks, the adjacent arc-shaped grooves form a conical hole, and the rotating shaft penetrates through the conical hole; and a conical head is fixedly connected to the position, corresponding to the conical hole, of the rotating shaft and is in threaded connection with the conical hole.