The invention discloses an intelligent bodybuilding guidance system and a closed-loop guidance method of the system. The intelligent bodybuilding guidance system is characterized by being composed of a remote service platform composed of a questionnaire unit, an exercise target reasoning unit, an exercise scheme generating unit and a bodybuilding management unit, a health sign test module, an exercise ability test module and an intelligent bodybuilding equipment module, the questionnaire unit is used for collecting basic information and health information of a user, the health sign test module is used for acquiring test index data of initial health signs of the user, the exercise ability test module is used for acquiring test index data of initial exercise ability of the user, the exercise target reasoning unit is used for acquiring the exercise target of the user, the exercise scheme generating unit is used for generating an exercise scheme, the intelligent bodybuilding equipment module is used for executing the exercise scheme, and the bodybuilding management unit is used for evaluating the exercise effect and adjusting the exercise scheme. According to the intelligent bodybuilding guidance system, on the basis of the heath detection of the user, the scientific bodybuilding requirement is achieved through the whole set of software and hardware system integrating detection, evaluation, bodybuilding and feedback.