The invention relates to an emergency escape window for a rail transit vehicle, and the window comprises a window frame, a casement, and an actuation mechanism which is used for locking or opening the casement. The actuation mechanism comprises a four-rod structure which is formed by the sequential connection of an action block, a first connecting rod, a handle, and a second connecting rod. The casement is locked in the window frame through a dead point of the four-rod structure, and can be unlocked through the unlocking of the dead point, thereby opening the window. The invention also provides the rail transit vehicle comprising the above window. The window is locked through the dead point of the four-rod structure, is reliable in locking function, is short in starting transmission link, and is quick in emergency usage. The window is simple in structure, is more convenient in installation and use, and is high in reliability.