The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, and provides a device and a method for fast
coupling a
geophone carried by a heading
machine and a rock
mass, the device comprises a
coupling gasket, a mounting rack, a fixing piece, a
geophone protection shell and a protection cover, the mounting rack is arranged on the side wall of a
hobbing cutter box or a scraper back plate of the heading
machine, and the
geophone protection cover is arranged on the mounting rack. A
coupling gasket is arranged between the mounting rack and the mounting area, and the mounting rack and the
detector protection shell are matched with each other and are connected through a fixing piece; the
detector protection shell is provided with a cavity used for accommodating a
detector, and the protection cover is matched with the detector protection shell and can be arranged on the outer side of the detector protection shell in a sleeving mode. The detector is preposed to the cutter near the tunnel face, the
seismic wave propagation path is shorter, the energy is stronger, and the detection precision is higher; real-time detection is carried out in the tunneling period of the tunneling
machine, the tunneling machine does not need to stop working, and efficiency is improved; the tunneling
noise is used as a passive source without additional seismic source equipment, so that the detection cost is reduced.