The invention discloses a high ground clearance and variable wheel distance and axle distance type plant protection machine. The high ground clearance and variable wheel distance and axle distance type plant protection machine comprises an upper vehicle frame and a lower vehicle frame, wherein the upper vehicle frame and the lower vehicle frame are connected by a miniature rotary platform; a power system, a main variable-speed system, a hydraulic system, a driving operation system, a pesticide spraying and pollinating system, a fertilizer applying system, and the like are symmetrically arranged around a central rotary platform according to a gravity center balance ratio principle; the lower vehicle frame is mainly provided with four foldable and telescopic support legs, and the walking, steering, change of wheel distance and axle distance, adjusting of ground clearance and gravity center height, and other functions of the machine are realized by a corresponding wheel rim transmission system. The invention also discloses the wheel rim transmission system; by utilizing the mixed transmission type of universal transmission, chain wheel transmission and bevel gear transmission, the wheel distance and axle distance can be adjusted. The high ground clearance and variable wheel distance and axle distance type plant protection machine has the advantages that the structure is compact, the function is complete, the working is stable, the application range is wide, the cruising ability is strong, the operation is easy, and the operation efficiency is high. The wheel rim transmission system has the advantages that the stability and operability are good, the driving force is large, the effect of one machine with multiple functions is realized, and the requirement of whole machine is met.