The invention discloses an urban large building fire fighting emergency evacuation system and method, and belongs to the field of building fire fighting safety, and the system comprises a region marking module, a personnel collection module, a fire detection module, a disaster situation prediction module, a disaster situation management and control module, an evacuation planning module and a loss analysis module, the area marking module is used for carrying out data marking on the building; according to the invention, evacuation personnel can be rapidly and accurately guided, the probability that the personnel are jammed and trampled in a single channel is greatly reduced, the safety of the evacuation personnel in the evacuation process is ensured, a response can be made in time when a fire occurs, corresponding fire extinguishing management and control processing is carried out on the fire, the fire spreading speed is effectively restrained, and the safety of the evacuation personnel is ensured. And the personnel escape rate is improved.