The invention discloses a membrane lining container type fermentation device and a compost and deodorization method using the same, and relates to a compost device and a compost and deodorization method using the device. The problems that an existing container type compost mode is high in operating cost, an existing biological filter is inconvenient to move and the construction period is long can be solved. The device comprises a container door, a waterproof and breathable membrane, an air blower, an air inlet pipe, a perforation breather pipe, a temperature detector, an air outlet pipe and a container body. The method includes the steps that first, materials are put in; second, when the temperature is lower than 60 DEG C, intermittent ventilation is conducted; when the fermentation temperature is higher than 60 DEG C, continuous ventilation is conducted, and fermentation tail gas is exhausted; third, the materials are taken out after being fermented for 10-15 days. According to the membrane lining container type fermentation device, the body is improved from a container or a waste container, equipment is simple and convenient to use, waste can be utilized, equipment cost is saved, and the construction period is short; the air blower is controlled to operate through time and temperatures, so that electric energy is saved; transportation is facilitated; occupied area is reduced obviously.