The invention discloses a light-energy-driven nearshore water drawing filtering system. The system comprises a main frame body, a power supply device, a water drawing device, a filter device, a buoyancy device, a wireless communication device and a central control device, wherein the power supply device, the water drawing device, the filter device, the buoyancy device, the wireless communication device and the central control device are mounted on the main frame body, the central control device comprises a central control device body of a control system and a radio station communication deviceof the control system, the central control device body comprises a single chip microcomputer for bearing system codes, a brushless electric machine, and an onboard radio station communication device,the wireless communication device sends electric waves, a wireless electric wire carries out receiving, an onboard radio station control device transmits a signal to the control device, and the control device sends a water drawing command to the water drawing device.