This invention relates to the field of battery monitoring technology, specifically to an external access charging and discharging
data acquisition module for a
power battery pack. The method includes: a
cell group, a single
cell voltage monitoring unit, an
equalization unit, a
microcontroller unit, a
communication unit, and a
power supply unit. The
cell group consists of N cells connected in series. The single
cell voltage monitoring unit has a differential channel for each cell and converts it to a single-ended
voltage via differential / single-ended conversion. The
equalization unit has a dissipation
branch for each cell containing an isolated
gate driver, an MCU-controlled N-channel
MOSFET, and a power
resistor, along with an
overcurrent fuse and
overvoltage clamp. The
microcontroller unit collects the single-ended
voltage of each cell via a low-pass filter and controls the
equalization. The
algorithm averages and calibrates the voltage for each cell ≥10 times, using the lowest voltage as a reference. The equalization is activated when the difference is ≥ a threshold. The collection is paused during the hold period and then cycled again. This method is applicable to both charging and discharging. The
communication unit connects to a CAN controller and
transceiver via SPI, encapsulating the single
cell voltage into a two-
byte CAN frame for uploading to the
bus. The
power supply unit obtains a first
bus from the total
voltage drop for monitoring and equalization, and then linearly regulates it to obtain a second
bus for the MCU and communication. This invention can solve the problems of inconsistent voltage / SOC during the charging and discharging process of series-connected power cells, making it difficult to accurately collect and quickly equalize the data without modifying the original
system; the data collection process is easily affected by the equalization current; and there is a lack of remote online monitoring.