The invention discloses a flame-retardant explosion-proof fire-fighting communication optical cable which comprises optical fibers, a framework, an aramid fiber tape, polyurethane foam, a mica tape, an explosion-proof net and a polyurethane sheath. A plurality of mount slots are uniformly distributed along the circumstance of the framework, and are disposed axially; a plurality of optical fibers are penetratingly connected in each mount slot which is filled with fiber paste; the framework is lapped with the aramid fiber tape, the aramid fiber tape is coated with the polyurethane foam, the polyurethane foam is lapped with the mica tape, and the mica tape is tightened by yarns; the explosion-proof net covers the mica tape, and is coated with the polyurethane sheath. The optical cable is featured by high temperature resistance, flame resistance, constant temperature, flame resistance, high insulativity and high explosion protection properties, and is applicable to fire-fighting communication and various extreme conditions.