Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores one or more sequences of instructions for scheduling packets to be forwarded to Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (
DOCSIS) downstream channels, the execution of which causes: Inserting a packet that is to be forwarded on a
DOCSIS downstream channel into a service
stream queue, wherein packets stored in the service
stream queue belong to a single service
stream; Passing a request up a hierarchy of scheduling elements to a scheduler process to schedule the packet for delivery; where the scheduler process determines an allocation that specifies how much
data traffic is to be offered to the
DOCSIS downstream channel; wherein the allocation allocated for the DOCSIS downstream channel is expressed in units of symbols rather than bytes, and wherein the number of bits represented by each of the symbols differs depending on a modulation of the symbol; and wherein the scheduler process performs an extension of a special
authorization to the service stream
queue by transmitting symbols in the
authorization using the modulation of each of the symbols, the modulation of each symbol being based on the service stream queue that issued the request.