Provided are methods for detecting urogenital malignancies in dogs. In some embodiments, the methods include identifying a deletion or single
nucleotide substitution within a BRAF
gene and / or within a MAP2K1
gene present in or isolated from a biological sample from a. dog, wherein the presence of the deletion or single
nucleotide substitution within the BRAF
gene and / or within the MAP2K1 gene detects a urogenital
malignancy, optionally transitional
cell carcinoma /
urothelial carcinoma, in the dog. In some embodiments, the deletion is within
exon 12 of BRAF gene, optionally within the
amino acid sequence KMLNVTAPTPQQL (SEQ ID NO: 3), and / or in within
exon 2 or 3 of a M.AP2K1 gene, optionally within the
amino acid sequence FLTQKQKVGE (SEQ ID NO: 4).