The invention discloses a first-aid patient transportation chair. The first-aid patient transportation chair comprises a seat board and a back board, a groove is formed in the upper side of the seat board, an air cushion is arranged in the groove, an air charging system is arranged in the seat board, and lifting devices are arranged on the lower side of the seat board in a bilaterally symmetric mode. A supporting plate is arranged at the lower ends of the lifting devices, damping devices are arranged at the four corners on the lower side of the supporting plate respectively, a support is arranged at the lower end of each damping device, and a universal wheel is arranged at the lower end of each support. A first-aid case is arranged on the upper side of the supporting plate, and supporting bases are arranged at the upper end on the left side of the back board in a sagittally symmetric mode, wherein a lifting device is connected with each supporting base through a second bolt, an installation plate is arranged at the lower end of each lifting device, and a damping device is arranged at the lower end of each installation plate, a support is arranged at the lower end of each damping device, and a universal wheel is arranged on each support. The first-aid patient transportation chair is simple in structure, convenient to use, high in comfort, good in safety and diverse in function, and the safety of a patient can be guaranteed.