The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of mRNA vaccine lipid nanoparticles, and particularly discloses a whole-process low-temperature
rapid mixing preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving ionizable lipid, auxiliary lipid,
cholesterol and
PEG lipid in absolute ethyl
alcohol containing an anti-freezing agent, and pre-cooling at 0-10 DEG C; dissolving mRNA in a low-ionic-strength acidic
buffer solution, and adding a low-temperature protective agent to form a uniform water phase; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing LNP in a hydrophilic modified micro-fluidic
chip at 0-10 DEG C according to a flow
velocity ratio of (2.5-3.5): 1, completing mixing within 10 ms when the Reynolds number is greater than or equal to 2000 and the Weber number is greater than or equal to 100, and then performing low-temperature curing, two-step
buffer solution replacement and low-temperature tangential flow
filtration to obtain the LNP with the particle size of 70-90 nm, the PDI of less than or equal to 0.15 and the encapsulation efficiency of greater than or equal to 95%. The anti-freezing agent and the protective agent have a synergistic effect, so that
ethanol crystallization and ice
crystal damage are effectively inhibited, a microchannel is not blocked under a low-temperature condition, the particle size uniformity and mRNA
structural integrity are remarkably improved, and the obtained preparation is stable for a long time at the temperature of 4 DEG C and-20 DEG C.