The invention relates to the field of intelligent well completion of oil and gas well exploitation, and particularly provides a multi-layer intelligent tubular column controlled by a single pipeline. A Christmas tree is connected with the top of an oil pipe, and sealers are installed on the outer wall of the oil pipe and the inner wall of a wellhead. A safety valve, a production packer, a connector, an electric pump, a circulating sliding sleeve, a decoder, a positioning sealing assembly, a data acquisition instrument, a multi-stage control unit and an isolation sealing assembly are sequentially installed at the bottom of the oil pipe from top to bottom, the positioning sealing assembly is in interference sealing connection with a top packer, the isolation sealing assembly is in interference sealing connection with an isolation packer, the decoder is connected with the control system through a main pipeline, the bottom of the decoder is connected with the multi-stage control unit through a branch pipeline, and the data acquisition instrument is connected with a data acquisition system through a cable. The reliability and timeliness are improved, real-time detection and adjustment are achieved, cost is saved, operation safety is improved, operation difficulty is lowered, labor intensity is lowered, and the service life is prolonged.