The invention discloses an in-memory sparse matrix multiplication operation method, an equation solving method and a solver, and the multiplication operation method comprises the steps of compressing an original sparse matrix to form a compressed matrix, representing the elements of the compressed matrix as complements, and splitting the matrix into a binary sign bit matrix and a binary data bit matrix; respectively storing the split matrixes into a binary memory array; representing elements multiplied by the compression matrix in the original vector as complements, splitting the complements, inputting the complements into a memory array in a voltage form, multiplying the complements by conductance of a storage bit, outputting the complements in a current form, detecting the output current, and performing analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a binary numerical value; and shifting and accumulating the product result of each memory array according to a binary operation rule to obtain the product of the original sparse matrix and the original vector. Through the operation method, the storage space can be reduced, so that the power consumption of the circuit is reduced, a low conductivity value is avoided, and the calculation error is reduced.