The invention relates to the technical field of sewing, in particular to a method and a device for detecting bobbin threads of a sewing machine. The technical scheme includes that the device comprises a bobbin, a push plate, a cushion block, a photoelectric sensor, a clamping plate and a spindle controller, the photoelectric sensor is arranged between the cushion block and the clamping plate, the cushion block is arranged on the push plate, and the bobbin is arranged on a bobbin case, on one side of the photoelectric sensor, of the sewing machine. One lateral surface of the bobbin is alternately provided with a plurality of high light areas and low light areas, the other lateral surface of the bobbin is provided with magnetic steel, a transmitting end and a receiving end of the photoelectric sensor face the bobbin on the bobbin case and are connected to the spindle controller, and whether the bobbin threads are used up or not is detected according to a certain detection method. The method and the device for detecting the bobbin threads of the sewing machine have the advantages that using up and breaking of the bobbin threads and withdrawal of a needle without threads can be detected out timely and accurately, an operator can be timely reminded of bobbin replacement or machine maintenance for clearing abnormity, and formation of idle stitches only with needle threads but without the bobbin threads is avoided.