This utility model provides an adaptive tension mechanism for shoe upper stitching, relating to the field of footwear manufacturing equipment technology. It includes a side plate; a sliding plate slidably connected to the side end of the side plate; a bolt connected to the side end of the side plate, the side end of the sliding plate having a first U-shaped groove slidably connected to the bolt; two sets of rotating rods, each connected to the side end of the sliding plate, the side ends of the two sets of rotating rods respectively fixedly connected to mounting plates, and the side ends of the two sets of mounting plates respectively fixedly connected to L-shaped frames; and two sets of tension mechanisms, each tension mechanism including a mounting base, a sliding column, a spring, a limiting plate, and a pressing component. By setting a linkage structure of the sliding plate, rotating rods, gears, and toothed plates, and combining it with the tension mechanism composed of the sliding column and spring, the device can automatically adjust the applied clamping force according to the thickness and elastic characteristics of the shoe upper material.