The invention discloses a heat meter metering system and method based on cloud computing, relates to the technical field of heat meters, and solves the technical problems of large load, high cost andpoor computing power caused by integration of multiple functions of data acquisition, computing, processing and the like of a heat meter in the prior art. The system comprises a detection unit, a communication unit, a cloud management system and an application terminal, 5G communication and other technologies are applied, and mass connection and rapid data transmission are achieved. According to the invention, heat calculation and data storage are transferred to the cloud; the cost of a calculator chip of the terminal heat meter and the overall power consumption of the heat meter are greatly reduced, meanwhile, the dependence on foreign imported chips is reduced, and when the terminal needs to check accumulated flow, accumulated heat or historical data, the cloud computing platform can also transmit the data back in real time, so that data sharing is realized. In addition, a big data analysis technology is adopted, processing of various data information is achieved, and the data analysis capacity is improved.