The invention discloses a solar flat plate collector capable of exchanging heat through a micro-channel, which comprises a transparent cover plate, a heat-absorbing plate, a thermal-protective coating, a frame, an air collecting pipe, a liquid collecting pipe, a liquid-return pipe, and a plurality of parallel micro-channel pipes forming a detachable type circulating pipe together with an external condensation section, wherein the air collecting pipe is higher than the liquid collecting pipe; a circulating fluid which has gas-liquid phase change within a heat-collecting temperature scope is filled in the detachable type circulating pipe; the volume of the filled circulating fluid is 10%-90% of the volume of the detachable type circulating pipe; and a stable airlift pump effect is formed in the micro-channel by the circulating fluid. By utilizing the high heat-transfer efficiency of micro-channel and the specific airlift pump effect, the heat-transfer efficiency of the solar flat plate collector is increased, the weight of a heat absorber in the traditional solar flat plate collector is reduced, and the range of application temperature and the scope of application occasion of the solar flat plate collector are widened.