The invention discloses an indoor cooling and ventilating system of a large synchronous compensator. The indoor cooling and ventilating system comprises an inner shell, an outer shell, a water-air cooler and cooling fans, wherein the cooling fans are arranged on the outer sides of the ends of a rotor; the water-air cooler is arranged under a stator; the inner shell is arranged at the periphery ofthe stator and is connected with the cooling fans and the water-air cooler to form an inner air area; the outer shell is arranged at the periphery of the inner air area and is connected with the innershell to form a sealed system; a part, close to the outer side, of an iron core of the stator is divided into a plurality of stator iron core sections along radial ventilation channels; the ventilation channels are formed in the iron core of the stator along a radial direction in a manner of passing through the iron core of the stator; an air inlet hole, an axial air channel and a radial hole areformed in the rotor. According to the indoor cooling and ventilating system of the large synchronous compensator, a sealed type full-air cooling manner is used for cooling; the indoor cooling and ventilating system is high in cooling efficiency, few in auxiliary machinery devices, simple and convenient to operate, low in fault rate and convenient to maintain.