The invention discloses a dust cleaning system applicable to a heat recovery boiler with a complex heating surface. The dust cleaning system comprises a lifter, a shot separating device, a shot distributer, a sealed flap valve, a separating device, a shot storing bin and a horizontal shot conveying device. The shot distributer is a slot type shot distributor, the slot type shot distributor is good in shot distributing effect, can guarantee full coverage on a first heat exchange tube layer, structurally effectively buffer falling speed of steel shots, and reduce impact of the steel shots to the heat exchange tubes and anti-wear strips; the steel shots in grain size of 2-4mm are utilized, compared with a conventional shot-falling dust cleaning system, the dust cleaning system is more applicable to dust cleaning of the heat recovery boiler utilizing a complex heating surface like a radiator fin/a fin/an annular fin tube to strengthen heat exchange, dispersity and distributing compactness of the shots on the heating surface are easier to guaranteed, and dust cleaning effect is good; and impact to the surfaces of the heat exchange tubes from the small-grain-size steel shots is lower, and service life of equipment is prolonged. The dust cleaning system applicable to the heat recovery boiler with the complex heating surface is capable of immediately effectively cleaning dust on the surface of the heating surfaced, is stable in running, low in investment and maintenance cost, and can maintain high efficient heat exchange of the complex heating surface.