64results about How to "Precise routing" patented technology

The invention relates to a home cellular base station (HeNB), comprising a radio interface (RI), to communicate with a user equipment (UE), a local interface (LI), to communicate with a local gateway (L-GW) providing access to a local IP network, a user plane interface (S1-U), to communicate with a serving gateway (SGW), and a control plane interface (S1-MME), to communicate with a control node (MME). The home cellular base station (HeNB) further comprises a selection module (SelMod) set to obtain a first correlation ID for enabling a direct user plane path between the home cellular base station (HeNB) and the local gateway (L-GW), the first correlation ID being obtained via the control plane interface (S1-MME) upon each establishment of a bearer providing access to the local IP network.The invention also relates to a control node (MME), to a home subscriber server (HSS), to a direct path enablement method, and to a PDN management method.

Integrated mobility management mechanisms monitor a mobile host's degree of mobility and the applications it executes. Mobile hosts move between wireless-access, micro-mobility domains interconnected through a backbone network. While the mobile host is stationary, MIP-LR and SIP systems operate to ensure TCP and RTP / UDP packets, respectively, traveling to / from the mobile host are properly routed through the backbone to the host's current domain. An MMP system routes packets through this domain. As the host moves within a domain, the MMP system updates the domain routing to the mobile host's new location. As the mobile host moves between domains, the host obtains a new IP address and the MMP system establishes routing within the new domain to the mobile host's new location. In addition, the MIP-LR and SIP systems activate to ensure the TCP and RTP / UDP packets, respectively, are automatically re-routed through the backbone to the new domain.

A rack for mounting electronic equipment includes a pair of vertical support members having a regular pattern of mounting apertures that repeats linearly at a regular interval and a vertically-oriented cable guide, disposed generally adjacent one of the support members, having a plurality of outwardly-extending projections forming cable rings. The cable rings are disposed along the length of the cable guide at a second regular interval that is a whole number multiple of the first regular interval.

A multitenant deployment includes a computing cluster that executes multiple containerized instances of a software application. Each containerized instance is associated with one or more datastores that can be assigned to different tenants. A registry store maintains a mapping between tenants and datastores, thereby allowing a registry manager to properly route tenant requests to the correct datastores. A capacity manager tracks tenant usage of datastores in the registry store and then scales computing resources for each tenant in proportion to usage. The capacity manager also migrates tenant resources in response to catastrophic failures or upgrades. In this fashion, the multitenant deployment can adapt a single-tenant software application for multi-tenancy in a manner that is both transparent and secure for the tenant.

The invention is directed to methods and apparatus for call routing. The invention particularly relates to routing of calls, such as emergency calls, which are routed based on the location of a mobile subscriber in a cellular wireless network. The method comprises the steps of: at a first network node, receiving location information relating to a subscriber originating a call; at said first network node, determining initial routing information based on said location information; sending said location information from said first network node to a second network node; at said second network node, determining updated routing information based on said location information; sending said updated routing information from said second network node to said first network node; and at said first network node, routing said call based on said updated routing information. An advantage of the invention is that calls are routed based on more precise information, which is particularly important in the case of emergency calls.

A mechanism for routing content, e.g., an electronic document, an invention disclosure, etc., to a person or group of persons, e.g., a reviewer / review team, for review and evaluation of the electronic document. This mechanism involves receiving the content and analyzing the content to generate identifiers of subject matter of the content. Subject matter categories are then determined to be associated with the content based on the analysis. The mechanism then retrieves profiles for people that are authorized to review and evaluate content. These profiles include identifiers of categories of knowledge that indicate areas of knowledge held by an associated person. A person is then selected based on the subject matter categories and categories of knowledge. The content may then be routed to a client computing device associated with the selected person or group or persons.

A memory module includes a memory hub that couples signals to memory devices mounted on opposite first and second surfaces of a memory module substrate. The memory devices are mounted in mirrored configuration with mirrored terminals of memory devices on opposite surfaces being interconnected. A memory hub mounted on each module alters the configuration of address and / or command signals coupled to the memory devices depending upon whether the memory devices on the first surface of the substrate or the memory devices on the second surface of the substrate are being accessed. Alternatively, the configuration of the address and / or command signals coupled to mirrored memory devices may be altered by a register mounted on the substrate that is coupled to the memory devices or by a memory controller coupled directly to memory devices on one or more memory modules.

A method and system for managing the routing of traffic within a network develops a topological address space map of the network to enable a “best route” selection process. The network is comprised of a backbone connected to a plurality of peering partners. Points on the network monitor traffic flows. A central facility analyzes the traffic flows and routes within the network and performs intelligent routing management.Intelligent routing management ensures that traffic is properly routed through preferred routes on the network, and avoids inefficient routing. Intelligent routing management also selects new routes to be injected into the network in order to further improve the accuracy of the address space map of the network. Intelligent routing management ensures that bandwidth is requested and delivered topologically closely to peering partner networks, and that traffic is carried by the backbone for long haul data distribution in both directions.

A memory module includes a memory hub that couples signals to memory devices mounted on opposite first and second surfaces of a memory module substrate. The memory devices are mounted in mirrored configuration with mirrored terminals of memory devices on opposite surfaces being interconnected. A memory hub mounted on each module alters the configuration of address and / or command signals coupled to the memory devices depending upon whether the memory devices on the first surface of the substrate or the memory devices on the second surface of the substrate are being accessed. Alternatively, the configuration of the address and / or command signals coupled to mirrored memory devices may be altered by a register mounted on the substrate that is coupled to the memory devices or by a memory controller coupled directly to memory devices on one or more memory modules.

Disclosed is an improved proactive location based routing protocol for ad-hoc wireless networks. When a source node has a data packet to send to a destination node, the source node calculates an estimated future location of the destination node prior to forwarding a data packet to the destination node. The estimated future location may be based on the last known location, velocity and bearing of the destination node, as well as upon the estimated propagation delay (i.e., the estimated time it will take the data packet to reach the destination node after being transmitted by the source node). The source node routes the data packet by identifying which one of a plurality of its neighbor nodes is closest to the estimated future location of the destination node, and routes the data packet the identified neighbor node as an intermediate node along the route from the source node to the destination node. Further, the frequency of flooding broadcasts is based on the velocity of the network nodes. As the velocity of a network node increases, the rate at which the node broadcasts its location and mobility data also increases. The broadcast frequency of a network node may be dynamically adjusted as its velocity changes.

Methods and router for receiving a request message addressed from a first router to setup an inter-domain QoS reservation toward a second router in a further domain, forwarding the request message to setup the inter-domain QoS reservation, receiving an acknowledgment message to confirm that the inter-domain QoS reservation is setup, reserving resources in accordance with the inter-domain QoS reservation, forwarding the acknowledgment message toward the first router, receiving a packet related to the inter-domain QoS reservation and encapsulating, toward the second router, the packet in accordance with the inter-domain QoS reservation by adding a first label to the packet, the first label indicating that the packet is not for delivery in the current domain. Optionally, the methods and the router could encapsulate the first label and the packet by adding a second label thereto, wherein the second label enables proper routing of the thereby encapsulated packet within the current domain.

The invention discloses an energy-saving routing method of nodes of an energy effective based on a context-aware technology. A CATRP (Context-Aware Technology Routing Protocol) is used as a routing work way of nodes in an internet of things environment, so as to achieve an established energy saving goal. The method disclosed by the invention belongs to the technical field of the internet of things. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the context-aware technology is applied to communicational nodes which work in the internet of things as a core technology for an energy-saving purpose of the invention, and composition modules of the protocol are designed comprehensively from the perspectives of working process, data structure, quantitative algorithm design, and the like. Due to application of the patent, a good foundation for realization of a universal computing service in the whole society in the near future can be laid, right development of the internet of things technology in the future is guided, theoretical basis enrichment and certain contribution for transformation of a wireless sensor network technology at the present stage are made, and the method has important meaning to enhancement of energy saving technology level of the internet of things in the industry, to acceleration of schedule of a national energy-saving routing research subject for nodes of the internet of things, to promotion of domestic demand, and to promotion of development of related industries.

Maintaining session connectivity without termination when a mobile node is assigned a new layer-3 address upon moving from a old location to a new location. Routers between the mobile node and correspondent node are configured to perform network address translation (NAT) such that both the nodes can potentially use the old IP address in communicating with each other, and yet the packets are routed accurately using the new layer-3 address. As a result, the session may not be terminated at either of the nodes when the mobile node moves.

A mobile or cellular telecommunications network includes a plurality of terminals which are registered. The terminal may be fixed in position, such as a terminal in a vending machine. Alternatively, the terminal may be fixed to a vehicle used for sending an SOS message when the vehicle is involved in an accident. The terminal may be immobile, and therefore does not need to continually advise the network of its location. The terminal may not receive incoming calls or other communications. The terminals therefore may not require paging by the network. In the embodiments described, such terminals are assigned a special terminal type identifier which indicates to the network that these terminals do not require paging. The way in which the network interacts with the terminals is adjusted so that signaling to perform location updates is eliminated or at least reduced.

Various techniques are provided for firing blanks from firearms. In one example, a blank firing adapter includes a mount assembly operatively configured to be attached to a muzzle of a firearm. The blank firing adapter also includes a main body having an interior chamber. The blank firing adapter also includes an escape port positioned longitudinally forward of the interior chamber and not in communication therewith. The blank firing adapter also includes a barrier interposed between the escape port and the interior chamber. The blank firing adapter also includes a projectile receiving area positioned longitudinally forward of the escape port and configured to slow down a projectile from the muzzle therethrough.

A method and system for managing the routing of traffic within a network develops a topological address space map of the network to enable a “best route” selection process. The network is comprised of a backbone connected to a plurality of peering partners. Points on the network monitor traffic flows. A central facility analyzes the traffic flows and routes within the network and performs intelligent routing management.Intelligent routing management ensures that traffic is properly routed through preferred routes on the network, and avoids inefficient routing. Intelligent routing management also selects new routes to be injected into the network in order to further improve the accuracy of the address space map of the network. Intelligent routing management ensures that bandwidth is requested and delivered topologically closely to peering partner networks, and that traffic is carried by the backbone for long haul data distribution in both directions.

A method and apparatus of a portable terminal estimate a step length of a pedestrian. An accelerometer detects acceleration caused by a movement of the portable terminal as a pedestrian carrying the portable terminal walks. A gyroscope detects angular velocity caused by the movement of the portable terminal as the pedestrian walks. A controller determines a magnitude of a swinging motion of the portable terminal by using at least one of the detected acceleration and angular velocity, determines that the portable terminal makes the swinging motion when the magnitude of the swinging motion is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, determines a carrying position of the portable terminal in the pedestrian's body by using at least one of the detected acceleration and angular velocity, and estimates a step length of the pedestrian according to the determined carrying position of the portable terminal.

Methods and systems to provide a home system with information about a wireless unit roaming in a visited system based on information the wireless unit provides to the visited system. A mobile switching center (MSC-V) of the visited system receives the information from the wireless unit and routes a message to an international gateway. In response, the international gateway creates a new message or alters the original message, and transmits the new or altered message to a mobile switching center (MSC-H) of the home system. In response to receipt of the new or altered message, the MSC-H validates the wireless unit (if valid), creates a response to the new or altered message, and routes the response to the international gateway. The response may include an authorization period for the wireless unit and / or OCOS / TCOS information. In response, the international gateway creates a new response or alters the response, and transmits the new or altered response to the MSC-V. In response to receipt of the new or altered response, the MSC-V registers the wireless unit, provides the wireless unit with communication services in the visited system, or otherwise follows instructions in the new or altered response. If the wireless unit moves to an area served by a second MSC-V, the second MSC-V checks with the international gateway about the wireless unit. If an authorization period is in effect, the international gateway may provide a validation of the wireless unit to the second MSC-V without another message to the home system of the wireless unit.

When a delivery of packets is made between LMA and MN, an options header that enables identification of MN is added between the router (MAG), located between LMA and MN, and LMA so as to achieve appropriate routing. When MN moved, buffer transfer from previous access MAGa to new access MAGb is performed also by adding an options header to make delivery to MN. In this way, in network-based IP mobility protocol, when the mobile terminal (MN) or the control apparatus (LMA) serves as a compressor or decompressor to compress packets, fast handover can be realized when the MN moved, whereby it is possible to save the band for the last one hop, which is the narrowest band.

Procedure and system for optimizing the route of a telecommunication connection to be set up in a telecommunication system that includes a mobile switching center (MSC), a service switching point (SSP), a service control point (SCP), a gateway (GW), and a subscriber register (HLR). The service switching point is connected to the service control point and the gateway is connected to the service control point and to the subscriber register. The telecommunication connection to be set up is directed via the service switching point to the service control point. A database query is sent from the service control point, via the gateway, to the subscriber register. In response, the subscriber register returns routing information, on the basis of which an optimal route to the mobile switching center under which the B-subscriber is currently located is determined.

A refrigerant system is provided where the functions of an economizer heat exchanger and liquid-suction heat exchanger are combined. The two configurations are disclosed with a single common heat exchanger construction. In a first configuration, a series of valves selectively routes only one of two possible refrigerant flows through a common heat exchanger such that a control can selectively activate either an economizer heat exchanger circuit or a liquid-suction heat exchanger function. In a second configuration, both refrigerant flows are passed to the common heat exchanger through separate fluid lines and are selectively activated by the control. Variations of the second configuration are also disclosed.

<heading lvl="0">Abstract of Disclosure< / heading> A system and method for automatically and seamlessly routing telephone calls across a telephone network. The system includes a telephone switch having a computer, a master file and client file stored in the computer, and means to dynamically link the master file with the client file at routing time to produce a selected client telephone number and transmit the number across the telephone network. The system utilizes Automatic Number Identification to identify the calling party. The master file has a plurality of records having a calling telephone number field and a spatial key field and is updated very frequently. The client file has a plurality of records having a spatial key field and a client telephone number. Methods of generating the client files for three client service area definitions are included in the present invention.

Methods and router for receiving a request message addressed from a first router to setup an inter-domain QoS reservation toward a second router in a further domain, forwarding the request message to setup the inter-domain QoS reservation, receiving an acknowledgment message to confirm that the inter-domain QoS reservation is setup, reserving resources in accordance with the inter-domain QoS reservation, forwarding the acknowledgment message toward the first router, receiving a packet related to the inter-domain QoS reservation and encapsulating, toward the second router, the packet in accordance with the inter-domain QoS reservation by adding a first label to the packet, the first label indicating that the packet is not for delivery in the current domain. Optionally, the methods and the router could encapsulate the first label and the packet by adding a second label thereto, wherein the second label enables proper routing of the thereby encapsulated packet within the current domain.

A copper foil for micro wiring comprises; forming a composite metal layer on the surface to be bonded of the copper foil, by electrolyzing it in a plating bath which contains copper ion, ion of metals selected from tungsten or molybdenum, ion of metals selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, or zinc, and chloride ion of 1-100 mg / l, at an electric current density of less than limiting current density of the bath; forming a dendritic copper electrodeposited layer on the composite metal layer, by electrolyzing it in a plating bath containing copper ion, at the electric current density of more than the limiting current density of the bath; and forming coarsened layer consisting of copper, by further electrolyzing it at the current density of less than the limiting current density of the bath to form knotty copper.

A mechanism for routing content, e.g., an electronic document, an invention disclosure, etc., to a person or group of persons, e.g., a reviewer / review team, for review and evaluation of the electronic document. This mechanism involves receiving the content and analyzing the content to generate identifiers of subject matter of the content. Subject matter categories are then determined to be associated with the content based on the analysis. The mechanism then retrieves profiles for people that are authorized to review and evaluate content. These profiles include identifiers of categories of knowledge that indicate areas of knowledge held by an associated person. A person is then selected based on the subject matter categories and categories of knowledge. The content may then be routed to a client computing device associated with the selected person or group or persons.

A director for routing a message from a client to a chosen one of a plurality of servers to access a resource and for routing the response of the resource from the chosen server to the client. Each message has an indication of its origin, an indication of its destination and a message body. The message body comprises first input means for receiving a first input message from the client, first output means for providing a first output message to the chosen server, second input means for receiving a second input message from the chosen server in response to the first output message, an indication identifying the client; and second output means for providing a second output message to the one client in response to the second input message, indicating its source as the routing means, and its destination as the one client.

A method and SIP-based Call Session Server for routing SIP messages. A Network and Transport layer receives an incoming SIP message and forwards it to one of a plurality of SIP message routing process instances in a SIP Message Routing Framework. The receiving SIP message routing process instance determines a Routing-Key based upon at least one header field in the incoming message, and based upon the Routing-Key, forwards the incoming message to a selected one of a plurality of Back-to-Back User Agent (B2BUA) instances in a Call Session Control Framework. The selected B2BUA instance creates an outgoing SIP message utilizing the Routing-Key to generate a From-Tag in an outgoing request message, or to generate a To-Tag in an outgoing response message, and then forwards the outgoing message to the Network and Transport layer, which transmits the outgoing message.

Methods and systems to provide a home system with information about a wireless unit roaming in a visited system based on information the wireless unit provides to the visited system. A mobile switching center (MSC-V) of the visited system receives the information from the wireless unit and routes a message to an international gateway. In response, the international gateway creates a new message or alters the original message, and transmits the new or altered message to a mobile switching center (MSC-H) of the home system. In response to receipt of the new or altered message, the MSC-H validates the wireless unit (if valid), creates a response to the new or altered message, and routes the response to the international gateway. The response may include an authorization period for the wireless unit and / or OCOS / TCOS information. In response, the international gateway creates a new response or alters the response, and transmits the new or altered response to the MSC-V. In response to receipt of the new or altered response, the MSC-V registers the wireless unit, provides the wireless unit with communication services in the visited system, or otherwise follows instructions in the new or altered response. If the wireless unit moves to an area served by a second MSC-V, the second MSC-V checks with the international gateway about the wireless unit. If an authorization period is in effect, the international gateway may provide a validation of the wireless unit to the second MSC-V without another message to the home system of the wireless unit.

The present invention proposes a technique for establishing peer-to-peer multimedia interactions and data exchanges via a discovery mechanism which relies on a model of (chained) programmable switchboards which may be implemented to enable a step-by-step discovery process until the endpoint of the communication chain is actually reached. The novelty of the proposed system and distinct contrast to known systems is that each endpoint can actually program if, how and when it wants to be reached for each individual user initiating contact, and to provide the information on how to be reached to its potential users initiating contact along its own model.