The invention discloses an apparatus for preparing a
hydrogen rich gas through grading gasification of biomasses, and a method thereof. The
system apparatus mainly comprises a
pyrolysis reactor, an oxidation reactor, a regeneration reactor, a gasification reactor, a
cyclone separator, a
flue gas cooler and a steam generator, wherein the
pyrolysis reactor is directly connected with the oxidation reactor, and the gasification reactor is placed in the regeneration reactor of an
oxygen carrier. A
biomass pyrolysis process, a pyrolysis gas /
tar combustion process and a
coke gasification process are separately carried out in the invention.
Fixed carbon in the biomasses is fully used to displace
hydrogen in water steam, and the obtained
hydrogen rich gas mainly contains H2 and CO2 and also contains a small amount of CO, so containment of a low carbon
hydrocarbon gas in routinely gasified hydrogen rich gas products is avoided, and subsequent purification and utilization is simple; and
catalytic oxidation of
tar is carried out by using a composite
oxygen carrier to realize complete conversion and utilization of the
tar, so carbon formation in the tar conversion process is avoided, downstream device faults induced by condensation of tar in the pyrolysis gas are solved, and CO2
trapping is facilitated.